Term Test 1 Flashcards
Principles basic definition
A general scientific theorem that has multiple applications across a wide variety of fields
Examples of principles for exercise prescription:
Frequency, Intensity, Type and Time
Physical Fitness definition
The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness
Physical Activity definition
Any bodily movement where it’s voluntarily controlled
Exercise definition
A type of PA that is a planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve components of Physical fitness
How do we measure PA?
Energy expenditure- kcals
Intensity
Sedentary Behaviours
Requires little energy expenditure
Ex: sitting or lying down
Metabolic Equivalents (METS)
PA is quantified in metabolic equivalents, it is an individuals activity metabolic rate compared to their resting metabolic rate based on oxygen consumption
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) is a product of:
- Resting metabolic rate
- Diet induced thermogenesis
- Physical Activity
Risks Associated with PA and exercise:
- Sedentary behaviors
- Musculoskeletal injury
- Sudden cardiac death
- Acute myocardial infarction
Musculoskeletal Injuries factors
Intrinsic risk factors: weakness, movement limitations, balance
Extrinsic risk factors: bad technique, environment, education
Prevention of exercise related cardiac events
PA can cause injury- understand overload intensity
Acute MI (heart attack) - we can screen out
Pre-participation health screening
Making sure everything functions properly
Questionnaires to identify those who may have an increased risk
Exercise testing
Lots of people don’t want to be tested because they’re scared
Using sub-maximal testing has a low cardiac event rate
Building a client profile
Building Rapport- greeting them, good communication skills, GAQ, finding BP and HR, being observant
Gathering Information- Active in the last 6 months? Lifestyle pattern? PA throughout the day? Do you want to change?
Strategies for Change- Motivation, access, environment, support
Sudden Cardiac Death
death resulting from an abrupt loss of heart function
In adults, SCD:
There is an increased risk with age
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
A heart attach; death of heart muscle. Occurs when a client has not exercised in a long time and then goes extreme in the gym
Rewards of exercise
Lifts your mood
Builds self-esteem
Improves learning abilities
Boosts mental health
Activity Counselling Model (ACS)
- Create Rapport
- Gather Information
- Strategies for behaviour change
For rapport to be successful -
Need to have knowledge, be professional, and sensitive
Having communication skills
Being observant
How to gather info
Effective questioning to identify needs and determine the individuals commitment to change
Strategies for behaviour change
Through strategic planning, increasing your clients perceptions of personal control
To increase fitness you need:
You need consent, clearance for PA and set goals
For training someone you need:
Sport/activity
Significant background
Transtheoretical model
Pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Unable and insecure clients:
Are reluctant, unwilling and have minimal to no experience
To help:
Provide instructions and follow up
Preliminary evaluation components
- Greet the client
- Informed consent
- GAQ
- Lifestyle evaluation questionnaire
- HR and BP
Exercise design outcomes (3)
- Health enhancement
- Increase in general fitness
- Increases in performance
Heart rate max calculations
220-age
BMI calculation
Weight(kg) / height(m2)
Anthropometry definition
The science that defines physical measures of a persons size, form and functional capacities
Construct Validity
When a test of measurement actually measures what it’s supposed to
Face validity
When a test looks good at first glance to measuring what it is supposed to measure
Content Validity
How well a test covers the entire range of the concept it’s meant to assess.
Concurrent Validity
When a tests results match with another test that measures the same thing, taken at the same time
Intrasubject Variability
The lack of consistent performance by the person tested
Interrater reliability
Where raters agree; aka objectivity
Intrarater Variability
The lack of consistent scores by a given tester
Test Selection Factors (3)
Experience and training status
Age and sex
Environmental factors
Test Administration
Importance of cooling down!
Being aware of the weather conditions
Being aware of health problems ad health status
Test administration (heat)
Symptoms of heatstroke
Cramps
Nausea
Dizziness
Faintness
Lack of sweat
Measuring parameters of health related fitness
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
Balance and stability
Body composition
Descriptive Stats
Central tendency
Variability
Percentile rank
Purpose of health related fitness testing
Collecting data and educating participants about their status
