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Ingenuity > Term 4 Science Content (Chemistry) > Flashcards

Term 4 Science Content (Chemistry) Flashcards

1
Q

Physical change

A
  • Involves only a change to the physical property of a substance such as its shape, state or temperature
  • A physical change can usually be reversed as no new substance is formed
  • For example, when water freezes to ice its properties change. It is now a solid - but it is still water. And it can be easily changed back to liquid water
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2
Q

Chemical change

A

With a chemical change, one or more new substances are formed.

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3
Q

Two types of change

A
  • Chemical Change
  • Physical Change
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4
Q

Chemical compounds

A

Consist of atoms of two or more elements joined together in certain fixed combinations

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5
Q

How many hydrogen atoms are there in each molecule of ammonia, NH3?

A

3

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6
Q

T/F: An atom can be divided

A

True

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7
Q

What can atoms be broken down into?

A

Sub-atomic particles

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8
Q

The number of types of sub-atomic particles

A

3

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9
Q

The types of sub-atomic particles

A
  • Proton
  • Neutron
  • Electron
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10
Q

Electrical charge of a proton

A

Positive

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11
Q

Electrical charge of a neutron

A

Neutral

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12
Q

Electrical charge of a electron

A

Negative

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13
Q

Mass of a neutron compared to one proton

A

1

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14
Q

Mass of an electron compared to one proton

A

1/1840

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15
Q

Position of protons in an atom

A

Inside the nucleus

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16
Q

Position of neutrons in an atom

A

Inside the nucleus

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17
Q

Position of electrons in an atom

A

Outside the nucleus

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18
Q

Which subatomic particle is not found in the nucleus?

A

Electron

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19
Q

Which subatomic particle has no electrical charge?

A

Neutron

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20
Q

The mass of the neutron is approximately equal to the mass of the:

A

Proton

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21
Q

Most of an atom’s volume is made up of:

A

Empty space

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22
Q

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

A

Inside the nucleus

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23
Q

Overall, the nucleus has a ____________ electrical charge.

A

Positive

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24
Q

Chemical element

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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25
Q

Calcium is an element. What type of atoms is it made out of?

A

Calcium atoms

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26
Q

Like helium, argon is a noble gas. What structure would you expect argon to have?

A

Single atoms

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27
Q

The noble gases all exist as _

A

single atoms

28
Q

Phosphorus is an element in which the atoms often bond together in groups of four. What is each group called?

A

A molecule

29
Q

Molecule

A

Small groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds

30
Q

T/F: A chemical bond is an attractive force that binds molecules to other molecules

A

False

31
Q

Which state or states are metal elements found in at room temperature?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
32
Q

Most metals are found as ___ at room temperature

A

solids

33
Q

Which metal is found as liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury

34
Q

Properties of metals

A
  • Shiny or glossy
  • Conduct electricity
  • Can be flattened into sheets
  • Can be stretched into threads or wires
35
Q

T/F: Metals are malleable

A

True

36
Q

Chemical Mixture

A

A combination of substances that can be physically separated

37
Q

T/F: Most of the substances within and around us are made up of more than one type of atom.

A

True

38
Q

Most things are made up of ___.

A

compounds

39
Q

In what ways can atoms in compounds be arranged?

A
  • Molecules
  • Lattices
40
Q

Water is a compound because it is made up of:

A

atoms of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, chemically combined

41
Q

T/F: There is only ever one way that two elements can combine to form a compound

A

False

42
Q

Exothermic

A

Reactions that release energy

43
Q

The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is classified as exothermic because it:

A

releases energy in the form of heat

44
Q

Endothermic

A

Reactions that absorb energy

45
Q

Endothermic reactions _____ energy

A

absorb

46
Q

Endothermic reactions cause a _______ in temperature

A

decrease

47
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy required to break bonds

48
Q

Breaking chemical bonds ______ energy

A

requires

49
Q

Making chemical bonds _____ energy

A

releases

50
Q

T/F: All chemical reactions absorb energy and release energy

A

True

51
Q

atom

A

The smallest particle of an element

52
Q

molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together

53
Q

Chemical bond

A

An attractive force that holds two atoms together

54
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of substances that can be physically seperated

55
Q

Physical change

A

A change in matter that does not form new substances

56
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

A change in matter that forms one or more new substances

57
Q

Products

A

The new substances produced by a chemical reaction

58
Q

T/F: Every chemical reaction has multiple reactants and multiple products.

A

False

59
Q

T/F: There are different elements present after a chemical reaction than before it

A

False

60
Q

Chemical equation

A

A representation of a chemical reaction

61
Q

Word equation

A

The simplest type of chemical equation uses the names of the substances

62
Q

law of conservation of matter

A

No atoms are created or destroyed. So the number of atoms of each element stays the same.

63
Q

Unbalanced equation

A

when there are unequal numbers of atoms of an element on either side

64
Q

Balanced equation

A

when there are equal numbers of atoms of each element on either side

65
Q

T/F: The law of conservation of matter states that the number of each type of atom does not change during a chemical reaction

A

True

66
Q

Coefficient

A

A number placed before a chemical formula

Ingenuity (4 decks)

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