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GR9 Geo > Term 4 Resource > Flashcards

Term 4 Resource Flashcards

1
Q

Name two important kinds of natural resources

A
  • 1) Renewable

- 2) Non- renewable

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2
Q

What is a Natural resource?

A

are resources that come from nature

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3
Q

What is a Non-renewable resource?

A

Is a natural resource that cannot be produced, grown or generated.

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4
Q

Give examples of Non-renewable resources

A
  1. Fossil fuels ( coal, petroleum)

2. Minerals ( Iron, Gold and Platinum)

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5
Q

[FILL IN THE MISSING WORDS]

Coal-burning power stations produce 1) _______ gases that contribute to 2)_________

A

1) greenhouse

2) Global warming.

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6
Q

What is global warming?

A

the warming of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.

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7
Q

What is a Renewable resource?

A

A resource that can be used continuously (used again and again) e.g. Water, Soil, air and forests

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8
Q

What is the Effects of unwise use of resources:

A
  • poor farming methods
  • Pollution e.g. water, air, chemicals from farms, mines and industries
  • Wasting resources e.g. leaving lights on
  • Not planting young trees
  • Using machinery that wastes resources
  • Not controlling the rate which resources are used e.g. over-fishing
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9
Q

Explain Over-fishing in the oceans:

A
  • Overfishing is taking more fish than nature can replace
  • The practice of commercial and non-commercial fishing depletes the fish population by catching so many adult fish that not enough remains to breed
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10
Q

What are the CAUSES of over-fishing:

A
  • Modern fishing methods and fishing technology
  • The population world doubled in the last 50 years
  • Lack of international laws to control the quantity of fish that people may take from the world’s oceans
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11
Q

What are the EFFECTS of over-fishing

A
  • Reduces the amount of food
  • Affects plants and animals that live in the sea
  • Leads to unemployment and increased poverty
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12
Q

-What needs to happen to control fishing methods?

A
  • Set international standards for the mesh sizes of nets
  • Make certain kinds of nets illegal
  • Prohibit all destructive fishing methods
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13
Q

What is Overgrazing?

A

Is when plants are exposed to grazing without time for recovering.

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14
Q

What CAUSES overgrazing?

need to check book

A
  • poor management in agriculture
  • over-population of wild animals
  • desertification
  • invasive species
  • tragedy of the commons
  • greed
  • size of commercial farms
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15
Q

What are the EFFECTS of overgrazing?

A
  • grass is depleted
  • soil becomes less fertile
  • nutritious plants replaced by less favourable plants
  • less infiltration
  • reduces- productivity and biodiversity of land
  • dust storms occur
  • animals starve and die
  • desertification
  • people leave the land
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16
Q

What is a sustainable resource

A
  • it is a resources that meets the needs of the present

- without compromising the ability of future generations

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17
Q

How do we help preserve our resources?

A

we should:

  • use renewable resources e.g. wind and solar energy
  • use resources that cause less harm to the environment
  • cut back on the amount of natural resource, therefore we have to reduce, reuse and recycle
18
Q

What is an unsustainable resource?

A
  • use of resources threatens the availability of resources in the future
  • and also the quality of the resources in the present
19
Q

What is some evidence of unsustainable use of resources?

A
  • soil erosion and desertification
  • deforestation
  • reduction of mineral resources
  • extinction of animal species
  • water and air pollution
20
Q

Who or what is Greenpeace?

A

is an organization that:

  • sets out to protect and preserve our oceans
  • set aside parts of the oceans from exploitation and controllable human pressure
21
Q

Name some ways resources may be used Sustainably?

A
  • Prevent over-fishing

- Prevent over-grazing of land

22
Q

How can one prevent over-fishing?

A
  • fishing quotas ( a maximum quantity that is allowed)
  • suspension
  • end of subsidies
  • consumer awareness
23
Q

Name two Organisations that promote public awareness for over-fishing:

A
  • 1.South African sustainable seafood initiative (SASSI)

- 2.Greenpeace

24
Q

What are SASSI’s three main aims?

A
  • promote voluntary compliance of the law through education and awareness
  • shift consumer demand
  • create awareness around marine conservation
25
Q

How can one prevent over-grazing of land (or promote sustainable land use for grazing?

A
  • rotational grazing
  • strip grazing
  • providing fodder
26
Q

The role of consumers, individuals, business and government:

What is carbon footprint?

A
  • is a measure of the effect our activities have on the environment
  • amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives
27
Q

What are some tips for CONSUMERS on reducing carbon footprint?

A
  • turn off the lights
  • energy savings light bulbs
  • use alternative forms of energy (solar energy)
  • walk, cycle or use public transport
  • buy local produced goods
  • recycle plastic, paper, tins and glass
28
Q

What can BUSINESSES do to reduce their carbon footprint and save resources:

A
  • minimize paper waste
  • maximize the use of email
  • recycle
29
Q

What are some examples of burning fossil fuels?

A
  • Heating

- Transportation

30
Q

What is Food security?

A

exists when all people have access to -sufficient
-safe
-nutritious food
to maintain a healthy and active life at all times

31
Q

Food security is built on these three concepts:

A
  • Food availability
  • Food access and having enough resources
  • Food use: knowledge about preparing balanced meals and know hygiene
32
Q

Food insecurity exists when people?

A
  • are undernourished
  • cannot access adequate food
  • do not use or prepare proper food
33
Q

Food security in South Africa

A
    1. SA has extreme high level of absolute poverty

- 2. The two worst-affected areas are KZN and Eastern Cape

34
Q

School feeding schemes, the national nutrition programme aims to:

A
  • 1) Enhancing children’s active learning capacity
  • 2) Alleviating short-term hunger
  • 3) Providing an incentive for children to attend school regularly
35
Q

What is the role of science and technology in food production factory farming:

A
  • is a process of raising livestock. e.g.
    chickens and cattle at a high density
    (read page 86 notes)
36
Q

What is the Genetic modification of crops (GM)?

A
  • is a scientific method that changes the way plants and animals grow and develop
37
Q

Name the most cultivated gentrified crops

A
  • 1) Soybean
  • 2) Maize
  • 3) Cotton
  • 4) Canola
38
Q

What is the main reason for genetically modifying crops?

A
  • to create insect resistance

- to create crops that can tolerate being sprayed with pesticides and herbicides

39
Q

What is appropriate technology in Sustainable farming?

A
  • is simple, inexpensive technology that doesn’t replace people
  • is a small scale technology
  • uses skills and technology that is available in a community to supply basic needs e.g. electricity, water, food and waste disposal
40
Q

What does appropriate technologies and farming techniques do? or what are the advantages of them?

A
  • satisfy human food and fibre needs
  • use of non-renewable resources
  • sustain economic profitability
  • improve the quality of life for farmers
41
Q

Sustainable farming is NOT…?

A
  • 1) arming with large inputs of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticide
  • 2) Over-grazing that leads to soil erosion
  • 3) Making as much profit as possible without caring for the future
  • 4) Wasting scarce resources, such as water
  • 5) Farming without caring for the environment
42
Q

What are Sustainable farming techniques?

A
  • Crop rotation
  • Cover crops are planted when the land is not being used (soil management)
  • Soil enrichment (adding natural fertilizers)
  • Natural pest predators

GR9 Geo (3 decks)

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