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Chemistry Yr 12 > Term 4 Chemical Equilibrium > Flashcards

Term 4 Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Equilibrium Reactions?

A

Equilibrium reactions are when both forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same time, with the rate of forward reaction equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

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2
Q

Equilibrium can only be attained in a _____ system

A

Equilibrium can only be attained in a (closed) system

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3
Q

What is the position of equilibrium?

A

Which reaction is favoured - forward or reverse

At equilibrium, the concentration of reactants and products will be different

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4
Q

Position of Equilibrium is affected by

A

Temperature
Concentration
Pressure

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5
Q

What is the Equilibrium Constant?

A

Indicates the relationship between reactant and product concentrations

Allows us to predict the equilibrium position - which direction is favoured

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6
Q

When k >1

A

Equilibrium favours products

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7
Q

When k < 1

A

Equilibrium favours Reactants

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8
Q

What is not included in the equation for the equilibrium constant? Why?

A

Solids and Liquids

Their concentration do not vary unlike gases or aqueous solutions

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9
Q

What is kc dependant on?

A

Temperature

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10
Q

The solubility product of Ag_2CO_3 is 8x10^-12. What is the solubility of Ag_2CO_3 in water?

A

Write the balanced chemical equation

Let s be the solubility of the solid (i.e how much dissolves)

Make the concentrations of the two aqueous solutions equal s. If the ions have a co-efficient apply that coefficient to s.

Use the equation for Ksp to solve for s.

The units for s are in mol/L

The value for s can also be used to determine the concentration of the ions.

s=1.26 x10^-4M

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11
Q

At the same temperature when the concentration of the ions change, what happens to the kc Values

A

The Kc value stays the same, the concentrations readjust to maintain it, favouring a certain reaction

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12
Q

Concentration is is ____/L

A

Concentration is is mol/L

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13
Q

Determine the solubility of Barium Sulphate in 0.1 mol sodium sulphate solution. Ksp =1x10^-10

A

Write the two balance chemical equations

Let s be the solubility of ____ in ___M Solution

[SO_4]= s +0.1
Concentration of SO_4 in solution

We assume s+0.1 =0.1 because s is so small.

s=1x10^-9M

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14
Q

Define Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle states if a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to change, processes will occur to counteract this change to restore equilibrium

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15
Q

-
-

A

Concentration
Pressure
Temperature

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16
Q

According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, when temperature is DECREASED the ____ reaction is favoured

A

According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, when temperature is decreased, the EXOTHERMIC reaction is favoured, because it will release energy and increase temperature

17
Q

According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, when temperature is INCREASED the ____ reaction is favoured

A

According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, when temperature is INCREASED the ENDOTHERMIC reaction is favoured, as it will absorb energy and decrease the temperature.

18
Q

Exothermic

A

Energy is release
Increase temperature
(-) enthalpy

19
Q

Endothermic

A

Energy is absorbed
Decrease temperature
(+) enthalpy

20
Q

What effect does a catalyst have on the position of equilibrium?

A

No effect.

However, a catalyst may increase the rate of reaction so equilibrium may be reached faster

21
Q

Increasing volume, _____ pressure/concentration

A

Increasing volume, DECREASES pressure/concentration

22
Q

Decreasing volume, _____ pressure/concentration

A

Decreasing volume, INCREASES pressure/concentration

23
Q

According to the Bronsted Lowry Theory, ACIDS are proton ______

A

According to the Bronsted Lowry Theory, ACIDS are proton DONORS

24
Q

According to the Bronsted Lowry Theory, BASES are proton _____

A

According to the Bronsted Lowry Theory, BASES are proton ACCEPTORS

25
Q

The STRENGTH of an acid/base indicates______

A

The STRENGTH of an acid/base indicates its ability to ionise

26
Q

The CONCENTRATION of an acid/base indicates______

A

The CONCENTRATION of an acid/base indicates the amount of the substance in a given volume

27
Q

What is the equation for the self-ionization of water?

A

H2O(l) +H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH-(aq)

28
Q

What is the expression for the ionisation constant of water?

A

Kw = [H+][ OH-] = 1x10-14

29
Q

pH can be determined by

A

pH = -log [H+]

30
Q

What is a reversible reaction

A

A reversible reaction is a reaction that can be reversed, whereby the products become the reactants

31
Q

Per the Common Ion effect, solubility is ______

A

Per the Common Ion effect, solubility is REDUCED

Chemistry Yr 12 (2 decks)

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