Term 3 Test

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

Agonist muscles initiate the movement ie. Bicep is agonist in bicep curl

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

Antagonist muscles react to the initial movement of the agonist muscle ie. Tricep is the antagonist muscle in a bicep curl

Question 3

Resting Heart Rate

Answer 3

65 beats per minute (bpm)

Question 4

Maximum Heart Rate

Answer 4

200 beats per minute (bpm)

Question 5

Resistance Training

Answer 5

Improves muscle strength and power. Eg. Lifting weights, or push ups

Question 6

Isotonic contractions

Answer 6

Muscle length changes against a constant load - nearly all movement is isotonic contracting
Concentric - shortening
Eccentric - lengthening

Question 7

Isometric Contractions

Answer 7

When the muscle attempts to change length but cannot overcome resistance. Eg. Pushing against a wall or in a rugby scrum when both teams produce large amounts of force.

Question 8

Isokinetic Contractions

Answer 8

The same weight of load throughout entire movement to equally build up muscle strength. Requires special gym equipment

Question 9

External Information

Answer 9

Information provided by the environment

Question 10

Internal Information

Answer 10

Information provided during a movement from the brain about relative position of body and force to apply to a movement

Question 11

Information Processing Model

Answer 11

INPUT/STIMULUS
 RESPONSE IDENTIFICATION 
 PROCESSING 
 RESPONSE/INPUT
 FEEDBACK

Question 12

Types of Muscle

Answer 12

Skeletal Muscles - Move the body
Smooth Muscles - Control automatic movements
Cardiac Muscles - Occurs only at the heart, contract very quickly

Question 13

Arrangement of Muscle Fibres

Hint: Tendon joins muscle to bone with thick strong fibres

Answer 13

Fusiform Muscle Fibres - Run parallel to the direction of the tendon. Allow larger, weaker movements.

Penniform Muscle Fibres - Run at an angle to the tendon. Create greater force over a short distance.

Question 14

Fast Twitch Fibres

Answer 14

White
Glycolytic
Anaerobic
Low Capillary Density

Question 15

Slow Twitch Fibres

Answer 15

Red
Oxidative
Aerobic
High Capillary Density

Question 16

Acute Responses to Exercise - Immediate

Answer 16

Heart Rate, 
Stroke Volume, 
Blood Pressure, 
Cardiac Output, 
Tidal Volume, 
Respiratory Rate, 
VO2 Max, 
Gas Exchange, 
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference, 
Blood Redistribution

Question 17

Chronic Responses to Exercises - Long Term

Answer 17

Cardiac Output,
Heart Rate,
Blood Pressure,
Blood Volume/Haemoglobin Levels,
Stroke Volume,
Capillarisation,
Ventilation,
Oxygen Exchange,
Muscle hypertrophy and increased flexibility,
Increased aerobic and anaerobic capacity

Question 18

Food Fuels - Three Basic Nutrients

Answer 18

Carbohydrates - pasta, cereal, bread - converted to Glucose
Fats - butter, nuts, oil, cheese - converted to Free Fatty Acids
Protein - meats, poultry, eggs - converted to Amino Acids

Question 19

ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 19

Lasts 10seconds
No by products
Anaerobic
Fuel is Adenosine Triphosphate
Examples are 100m sprint

Question 20

Lactic Acid

Answer 20

Lasts 30seconds - 2mins
By products of Lactic Acid
Anaerobic
Fuel is Carbohydrates
Examples are 400m and 800m

Question 21

Aerobic System

Answer 21

Lasts 2mins +
By products are Carbon-dioxide, Water, Heat
Aerobic
Fuel is Carbohydrates, Fats and Protein
Examples are Marathon Runner

Question 22

Interval Training

Answer 22

Having breaks in an exercise session to push at a harder intensity when working
Can be completed for all energy systems
Maintain higher intensity work for longer periods

Question 23

Continuous Training

Answer 23

Long, slow, distance training that has minimal breaks to build up lung capacity and increase oxygen uptake
Less demanding on the body
Larger slow twitch muscle fibres

Question 24

Circuit Training

Answer 24

Designed for general conditioning and involves having people do different activities by moving around a rotation of them with short breaks in between

Question 25

Farther Training

Answer 25

Combination of continuous and interval training that often involves running across hilly terrain
Both anaerobic and aerobic energy systems can be improved

Question 26

Flexibility

Answer 26

A measure of the range of motion about a joint

Stretching - Static
- Dynamic

Question 27

Plyometrics

Answer 27

Explosive jump training
Develops strength and speed

Pilates