Term 3 Test Flashcards
Agonist
Agonist muscles initiate the movement ie. Bicep is agonist in bicep curl
Antagonist
Antagonist muscles react to the initial movement of the agonist muscle ie. Tricep is the antagonist muscle in a bicep curl
Resting Heart Rate
65 beats per minute (bpm)
Maximum Heart Rate
200 beats per minute (bpm)
Resistance Training
Improves muscle strength and power. Eg. Lifting weights, or push ups
Isotonic contractions
Muscle length changes against a constant load - nearly all movement is isotonic contracting
Concentric - shortening
Eccentric - lengthening
Isometric Contractions
When the muscle attempts to change length but cannot overcome resistance. Eg. Pushing against a wall or in a rugby scrum when both teams produce large amounts of force.
Isokinetic Contractions
The same weight of load throughout entire movement to equally build up muscle strength. Requires special gym equipment
External Information
Information provided by the environment
Internal Information
Information provided during a movement from the brain about relative position of body and force to apply to a movement
Information Processing Model
INPUT/STIMULUS RESPONSE IDENTIFICATION PROCESSING RESPONSE/INPUT FEEDBACK
Types of Muscle
Skeletal Muscles - Move the body
Smooth Muscles - Control automatic movements
Cardiac Muscles - Occurs only at the heart, contract very quickly
Arrangement of Muscle Fibres
Hint: Tendon joins muscle to bone with thick strong fibres
Fusiform Muscle Fibres - Run parallel to the direction of the tendon. Allow larger, weaker movements.
Penniform Muscle Fibres - Run at an angle to the tendon. Create greater force over a short distance.
Fast Twitch Fibres
White
Glycolytic
Anaerobic
Low Capillary Density
Slow Twitch Fibres
Red
Oxidative
Aerobic
High Capillary Density
Acute Responses to Exercise - Immediate
Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output, Tidal Volume, Respiratory Rate, VO2 Max, Gas Exchange, Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference, Blood Redistribution
Chronic Responses to Exercises - Long Term
Cardiac Output, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Blood Volume/Haemoglobin Levels, Stroke Volume, Capillarisation, Ventilation, Oxygen Exchange, Muscle hypertrophy and increased flexibility, Increased aerobic and anaerobic capacity
Food Fuels - Three Basic Nutrients
Carbohydrates - pasta, cereal, bread - converted to Glucose
Fats - butter, nuts, oil, cheese - converted to Free Fatty Acids
Protein - meats, poultry, eggs - converted to Amino Acids
ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Lasts 10seconds No by products Anaerobic Fuel is Adenosine Triphosphate Examples are 100m sprint
Lactic Acid
Lasts 30seconds - 2mins By products of Lactic Acid Anaerobic Fuel is Carbohydrates Examples are 400m and 800m
Aerobic System
Lasts 2mins + By products are Carbon-dioxide, Water, Heat Aerobic Fuel is Carbohydrates, Fats and Protein Examples are Marathon Runner
Interval Training
Having breaks in an exercise session to push at a harder intensity when working
Can be completed for all energy systems
Maintain higher intensity work for longer periods
Continuous Training
Long, slow, distance training that has minimal breaks to build up lung capacity and increase oxygen uptake
Less demanding on the body
Larger slow twitch muscle fibres
Circuit Training
Designed for general conditioning and involves having people do different activities by moving around a rotation of them with short breaks in between
