Term 3 Midterm

Question 1

What is fisheries management?

Made in BCIT definition

Answer 1

Uses science and technology, policy, regulation and legislation, communication and education, etc, in an attempt to protect and/or manipulate fish stocks, their habitats, and their harvest, for specific societal (e.g. harvest, economic, subsistence, political) and conservation (including biodiversity aka ecosystem) objectives.

Question 2

What are the circumstances for Fisheries Management to have even come to exist?

There are 3

Answer 2

1. Nature has the ability to produce a surplus of fish that can be harvested.
2. People have to want to, can, and be able to, harvest that resource
3. That surplus is limited (so constraints need to be placed on the exploitation of that resource aka fihseries managemnet

fish - Talking about anything in fisheries - fish, whales, seaweed etc

Question 3

What is a common property or common pool resource?

Answer 3

• A resource owned by the entire populace without restriction of who can use them and how
• Works when the supply is greater than the demand
• These resources tend to subject to significant problems over time

Every got a peice of the pie!

Question 4

What is the Tragedy of the Commons?

Answer 4

It is a type of social trap, often economic, that involves a conflict over resources between individual interests and the common good

Question 5

What do the letters FAO Stand for?

Answer 5

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Question 6

Which country has the greatest fish consumption per capita per annum?

Answer 6

The Maldives (A group of islands south of India)

Question 7

Define demersal species

Answer 7

Demersal species are species that are bottom dwelling such as haddock, flounder, and cod. Note that the term benthic is almost interchangeable with demersal

Question 8

Define pelagic species

Answer 8

Pelagic species are open water species such as anchovy, tuna, and mackerel.

Question 9

What is by-catch?

Answer 9

The capture of non-target fish or other marine animals in fishing gear

Question 10

What is the shifting baseline syndrome?

Answer 10

• From generation to generation we don’t really recognize how good it was before
• with each new generation, the expectation of varrius ecological conditons shifts
• this mean are understanding of what is standard gets lower and lower
• Ex. Fishereis expert Jo bob records 10 sockeye returning in 2020 which he belives is not so bad compared to last years normal return of 15 sockeye. Next year fishereis expert Bob smith records 5 sockeye returning which he thinks is not to bad compared to what he thinks is the normal return of 10 based on Jo bobs data. Little does he know that his finding are not great becasue he doesn’t realize the actual normal amount of returning sockeye is 15. This continues and gets worse

Question 11

How does overcapactity happen?

Answer 11

Fishing fleets are larger than necessary to harvst the allowable catch

Question 12

What happens at the first salmon cerimony?

Answer 12

• The first salmon of the year is escorted into the ceremony
• The first salmon is shared with everyone who attends
• The carcass of the sacred first salmon is returned to the water (including all bones from the consumption)
• The first nations believe that if they uphold respect and honour to the sacred salmon and keep the water clean and healthy, the salmon will always return.

Question 13

Why do sharks have a hard time recovering?

Answer 13

• They have a slow growth rate so it takes them longer to reach sexual maturity
• Long gestation periods
• Low reproductive rate - only a few pups at a time

Question 14

Describe the Atlantic Cod Collapse

Question 15

What are the species of Salmon we saw on the Harrison trip?

Answer 15

• Chinook
• Sockeye
• Chum
• Coho

Question 16

What is overcapacity?

It is tied to over harvest

Answer 16

Fishing fleets are larger than necessary to harvest the allowable catch

Question 17

What is wrong with trawl fisheries?

Answer 17

Bottom Trawling can be a highly destructive method of fishing and destroy critical rearing habitat for juveniles and other food species

Question 18

What is the trophic cascade?

Question 19

Who eats fish?

Answer 19

• The Maldives
• Iceland
• Hong Kong
• Japan
• Norway

Question 20

Who produces fish?

Answer 20

• China
• Indonesia
• Peru
• India
• Russion Federation
• USA
• Viet Nam

Question 21

What can you tell me about wild cought harvest aorund the world compared to aquaculture?

Answer 21

• wildcapture harvest is stable around 80-90 million tonnes over the last 30 years
• over the last 30 years aquaculture is increasing in both inland and marine waters
• aquaculture for marine water is topped up at 180 million tonnes in 2020
• aquaculture for inland waters at 160 million tonnes in 2020

Question 22

What are the 3 top production species of marine fish in 2020?

Answer 22

• Anchovete
• Alaska Pollock
• Skipjack Tuna

Question 23

Know a bit abouyt the atlantic northern cod story?

Answer 23

• • Largest mass layoff in Canadian history
• • Almost 40,000 people got laid off
• • July 2nd 1992 – end of the story
• • Location: North Atlantic, Newfound land
• • Atlantic cod used to be in high abundance
• • General fisheries minister John Crosby shut it all down
• • 60’s 70’s 80’s northern Atlantic cod were overfished due to equipment an technology that increased catch amounts – trawling radar)
• • Both Canadians and foreigners
• • 1962-1977 – harvestable biomass dropped 82%
• • Quotas kept getting set higher, and people kept taking more, this was not good for the local fishermen
• • It was a mismanaged industry

Question 24

WHat is the state of world fisheries and aquaculture in 2020?

Answer 24

Global fish production was about 179 million tones in 2018 and 156 million tonnes end up on our plates.

Question 25

What is bad about overfishing older females in a population?

Answer 25

• Removing the oldest largest females of a population leads the populalation to decline

Question 26

What is the diasvantige to fishing down the food web (Daniel Pauly)

Answer 26

• Fishing down the food web destroys the trophic levels because the larger more desirbale fish are harvested first, and when these stock run out, fihsreis move to the second largest fish down the food chain. eventually they end up fishing smaller and smaller species that were intially condsidered not of values. this wrecks the trophic levels.

Question 27

What are 2 assumptions for the maximum sustainable yeild curve?

Answer 27

1. when there is no harvesting, fish popultions grow to a magnitude of equilibrium
2. fish populations ca often exhibit high natural mortalitty rates, especially at high densities

Question 28

What are 4 challanges with the maximum sustainable yield curve?

Answer 28

• estimating the population size is often hard
• MSY assumes a particular curve shape (may not be correct): environmental change can change this shape
• focuses on a single species and doesn’t consider the ecosystem
• fishermen always pressurize fishereiz managers to over estimate the stock size and underestimate the fishing effort