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Legal Studies - Year 11 Yearly > Term 3 - Law in Practice > Flashcards

Term 3 - Law in Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What does identify mean and how many marks are identify questions usually worth?

A

Identify: recognise and name.
Usually 1 or 2 marks.

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2
Q

What does describe mean and how many marks are describe questions usually worth?

A

Describe: provide characteristics and features.
Usually 2 or 3 marks.

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3
Q

What does outline mean and how many marks are outline questions usually worth?

A

Outline: sketch in general terms.
Usually 4 marks.

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4
Q

What does discuss mean and how many marks are dicuss questions usually worth?

A

Discuss: identify issues and provide points for/against.
Usually 6 marks.

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5
Q

What does explain mean and how many marks are explain questions usually worth?

A

Explain: relate cause and effect, make the relationship.
Usually 6+ marks.

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6
Q

What does evaluate/assess mean and how many marks are evaluate/assess questions usually worth?

A

Evaluate/Assess: make a judgement of value/based on criteria (“to what extent”).
Usually 7+ marks.
Use REARHAMP criteria and examples.

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7
Q

What is the REARHAMP criteria?

A

R - Responsiveness
E - Effectiveness
A - Accessibility
R - Resource Efficiency
H - Has justice been achieved?
A - Application of the Rule of Law
M - Meeting society’s needs
P - Protection of individual rights

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8
Q

What was the traditional attitude towards women? When did they start changing?

A

The attitude that women are “different” from or inferior to men which was reflected in laws and policies.
During WW2 when women were required to work in factories these gender roles were challenged.

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9
Q

What year were women granted the right to vote and stand in the 1903 federal election?

A

In 1902.

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10
Q

What year was The Country Women’s Association (CWA) founded in?

A

In 1922.

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11
Q

When was the first women elected to the Australian Parliament? What was her name?

A

In 1943, Enid Lyons.

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12
Q

What did the UN declare international women’s year?

A

1975.

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13
Q

Finish the year of the enactment of this act:
The Sex Discrimination Act ______.

A

The Sex Discrimination Act 1984.

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14
Q

When and who became the first female high court judge in Australia?

A

Mary Gaudron in 1987.

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15
Q

When and who was Australia’s first female prime minister?

A

Julla Gillard in 2010.

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16
Q

When were the gender restrictions on Australian Defence Force (ADF) combat roles removed?

A

In 2011.

17
Q

What did the Family Law Act 1975 change?

A
  • Gave women equal access to legal advice and representation when dealing with family law issues.
  • Ensured all family law proceedings are conducted fairly and equally between men and women.
  • Gave women the right to make decisions about their own bodies.
  • Gave women the right to have children, and if they are married, to decide who will raise those children.
  • Allowed women to decide whether or not she wants an abortion. She can do so without her husbands consent.
  • States that a woman must be able to get contraception from her employer or family planning clinics on demand - even if her husband objects.
18
Q

What did the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 change?

A
  • The Act outlawed discrimination because of martial status and sex in employment, education, accommodation and provision of good and services.
  • Sex discrimination directed against women
  • Sex discrimination in the workplace
19
Q

What did the Sex-Discrimination Act 1984 change?

A
  • Encouraged more women to seek education and employment
  • Women began to take more senior positions in the workplace
  • Made it possible for women to both work and have a family life
  • It was a largely successful attempt to ensure women had the same access to job, services and accommodation as men.
20
Q

When and what was the first wave of feminism in America?

A

During the late 19th century when white women were allowed to vote, while women of colour were still largely excluded and discriminated against, having their right to vote only 45 years later.

21
Q

When and what was the second wave of feminism in America?

A

From roughly the 1960’s to the late 1990’s, the wave encompassed issues such as pay equality, reproductive rights, female sexuality, and domestic violence. Class and race were considered secondary issues after gender. Still large difference between dark and white women.

22
Q

When and what was the third wave of feminism in America?

A

Emerged in the late 1990’s, challenging female heteronormativty. Supported feminism nut rejected many stereotypes of the feminine ideal, sometimes even rejecting the word feminism itself.

23
Q

When and what was the fourth wave of feminism in America?

A

It is a newly emerging wave over the last decade or so. Characterised by action-based viral campaigns, protests and movements. The problem these feminists confront is systemic white male supremacy.

24
Q

What did the Women’s Legal Status Act 1918 (NSW) change?

A

Changed women’s ability to enter professions that they previously weren’t able to.

25
Q

List some facts about First Nations Women.
(Imprisonment, life expectancy, health)

A
  • Stolen generation led to physical, spiritual, mental and emotional suffering.
  • Life expectancy of ATSI women is 75.6 compared to 84.6 years for non-indigenous women.
  • More likely to contract and pass away from cervical cancer and be diagnosed with diabetes.
  • ATSI women represent 34% of the Prison Population.
  • More likely to be incarcerated (imprisoned) than non-indigenous women. 248% increase since 1991.
26
Q

What is CEDAW 1979?
What is Australia’s role?

A

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
Australia is a signatory so therefore is expected to apply the ideas and report to the committee every four years.

27
Q

What are the two types of discrimination? Explain them.

A

Direct: blatant and easily identified (eg: males offered first choice of overtime over females).
Indirect: where a procedure appears equal but in practice discriminates women (eg: where a company offers a bonus for employees that have worked for a company without interruption).

28
Q

What is the Australian Human Rights Commission?
(Legal response to gender discrimination)

A
  • Independent statutory body created by the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1988 (Cth).
  • Has the responsibility to administer the five federal discrimination laws (Human rights, rape, sex, disability, ATSI)
  • Educate and conduct research
  • Works with border force on preventing the trafficking of women to Australia.
  • Take and follow up complaints.
29
Q

What did the Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012 change?

A

Requires every employer with 100 or more employees to report of the success of their workplace in:
- Treating people with dignity and respect
- Unbiased management decisions
- Ensuring equal access
- Merit-based decision making
- Recognition and respect for all cultural and social backgrounds

30
Q

What is the Office of Women? (Legal response to gender discrimination)

A

A government agency that:
- Provides policy advice to the Minister of Women.
- Ensure decisions about legislation, police and budget matters are made to ensure the effect on women is considered.
- Helps with Australia’s CEDAW reporting requirements.

31
Q

What are the Women NSW? (Legal response to gender discrimination)

A

A government agency that is part of the Department of Health in NSW and develops programs and policies (eg: domestic violence prevention).

32
Q

What is the Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA)?
(Legal response to gender discrimination)

A

A government agency who’s main goal is to promote and improve gender equality in the workplace. Companies with over 100 employees need to report annually to WEGA.

33
Q

What are the contributions of trade unions to battling gender discrimination?
(Non-legal response)

A

Contribute to:
- The principle of equal pay for equal work
- Women’s parental leave
- Improved childcare
- Universal superannuation
- Affirmative action
- DV leave

34
Q

List some Lobby Groupd and NGO’s that work against gender discrimination.

A
  • Women’s Electoral Lobby
  • Equal Rights Alliance
  • National Council of Women
  • Australian Women Against Violence
  • RizeUp Australia

Legal Studies - Year 11 Yearly (4 decks)

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