Term 3 GI Flashcards
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder due to gallstones
Cholelithasis
Presence of gallstones in gallbladder
Less bile is produced by
Repeated inflammation causes scar tissue which which thickens the walls and lessens contractions
Decreased lumin
Leads to ischemia - less blood flow
S/S of cholelithlasis and cholecystitis
Indigestion, n/v, RUQ pain (back and shoulder) , fever, jaundice, clay colored stool, dark urine, steatorrhea
Interventions of cholelithlasis and cholecystitis
Hydration, analgesic, antibiotic, avoid alcohol/gas foods, low fat diet, monitor s/s
Gallbladder surgery
Lithotripsy: vibrates so gallstones pass
Cholecystectomy: removal
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 3-4incisions
Which gallbladder surgery is most dangerous
Cholecystectomy cause it cause cause resp complications
T tube
Drains bile
Hepatitis stages
Preicteric: flu like symptoms (1-2weeks)
Icteric: jaundice, itching, dark urine
Hepatitis A
(Infectious) Fecal oral route
-contaminated food, water, milk, shellfish
Hepatitis B&C
(Serum) blood and body fluid route
-contaminated needles
Interventions of hepatitis
Hand washing, monitor liver function, don’t take OTC drugs, high calorie/carbs/protein (unless liver isn’t working), hydration, avoid sexual activity, vaccines
Cirrhosis
Chronic disease where scar tissue replaces normal functioning liver tissue
(Less bile produced) (from alcohol and hepatitis)
S/S of cirrhosis
Headache, n/v, anorexia, jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, liver enlargement, bleeding disorder, ascites
Interventions for cirrhosis
Observe for bleeding, abdominal girth, mental changes, hepatic coma, and restrict fluids and sodium
Complications with cirrhosis
Portal hypertension: increased pressure in portal vein
Hepatic coma: high blood ammonia levels
Ascities: accumulation of fluids
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas due to biliary disease, infection, drug toxic, nutritional deficiencies
S/S of pancreatitis
Epigastic pain, n/v, low grade fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, steatorrhea hypotension
Appendicitis
Inflammation of appendix
S/S of appendicitis (mcburneys point)
RLQ pain (rebound tenderness), n/v, anorexia, fever, observe for peritonitis
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneal by surgery, infection, trauma and bacteria (twisting or rupture of bowel)
Crohn’s disease
Inflammation if small bowel (ulcers in intestinal lining - scar tissues - bowel becomes thick and narrow)
S/S of Crohn’s disease
Abdominal pain/tenderness, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, anorexia, weak, fatigue
Ulcerative colitis
(Autoimmune) Chronic ulceration/inflammation of colon and rectum (starts in rectum)
S/S of ulcerative colitis
Abdominal pain/cramping, distention, bloody diarrhea, nausea, dehydration, weight loss, anorexia,
Peptic ulcers
Ulcer perforation in lining of esophagus, stomach and small intestine (duodenum)
Peptic ulcers caused by
H pylori, stress, smoking, caffeine
S/S of peptic ulcers
Loss of appetite, weight loss/gain, burning pain, anemia, n/v, dark tarry stools
Celiac disease
Gluten sensitive (wheat, barley, rye and oat)
S/S of celiac disease
(Dietary control)
Weight loss, weakness, malaise, malnutrition, steatorrhea
Lactose intolerance
Not able to digest milk products
- abdominal cramping, loose stool, flatus
- lactaid
GERG
Regurgitation of stomach content cause of in-compliant LES
Interventions of GERG
Avoid alcohol, smoking and caffeine (stimulates HCI), fatty foods, and eating/drinking before sleep, 6 small meals, elevate hob (2pillows) , low fat diet, restrict fluids with meals
Dumping syndrome
Large amounts of material dumped into small intestine, food comes out of stomach too fast - diarrhea
Interventions for dumping syndrome
6 small meals, limit fluid with meals and avoid fats and cholesterol
Steatorrhea
Indigested Fat in stool (floats)
-seen in gallbladder disease and cystic fibrosis
Diarrhea
Irritation of bowel
Increase fluids and monitor electrolyte imbalance
S/S peritonitis
Rigid abdomen, absent decrease bowel, elevated temp, n/v
Bowel obstructions
Volvulus, intussusception, paralytic
(Rigid abdomen, absent decrease bowel sound and NPO
IBS
Chronic inflammation of bowel. Spontaneous spasms of bowel - diarrhea and flatus
NG tube
Relieves distention and GI decompression (low intermitted suction) (monitor metabolic alkalosis)
Sengstaken blakemore tube
Esophageal varices
Liver biopsy
Pressure, observe site, check for bleeding, v/s and hemorrhage
Parasentesis
Empty bladder
