Term 3 - Genetics

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID
watson-crick model
provides the genetic code for all the protiens on organism needs to survive

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

the building blocks of DNA. they are composed of a phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 3

Complementary base pairing

Answer 3

the process in which adenine will always only bind to thymine, and cytopsine will always bind to guanine in a double stranded DNA

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

a smaller section of the DNA strand, with a specific base sequence that codes for a specific protein

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

a length of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins, and stored in the nucleus of the cell

Question 6

Histones

Answer 6

the proteins around which DNA is coiled for storage

Question 7

Nucleosome

Answer 7

made up of eight units of histones tightly coiled with DNA

Question 8

Homologous chromosome

Answer 8

chromosomes that have matching banding patterns

Question 9

Karyotyping

Answer 9

organises the homologous chromosomes into their specific pair
helps geneticists to determine chromosomal abnormalities

Question 10

Types of chromosomes

Answer 10

autosomes - pairs 1-22
heterosomes - pair 23 (sex chromosome)

Question 11

The Y chromosome

Answer 11

a fraction of the size of the X
mostly made of ‘junk DNA’
therefore women are better

Question 12

Trisomy 21

Answer 12

(Down syndrome)
3 chromosomes of the 21st chromosomal pair

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

the ladder wrapped around histomes

Question 14

4 types of nitrogenous bases

Answer 14

adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine

Question 15

Protein synthesis

Answer 15

(simply put) the process of making specialised protein from amino acids and RNA

Question 16

Protein synthesis

Answer 16

(simply put) the process of making specialised protien from amino acids and RNA
2 STEPS

Question 17

Transcription

(Step 1)

Answer 17

the RNA ‘unzips’ the double stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds and nitrogenous bases

Question 18

Translation

(Step 2)

Answer 18

‘triplets’ made of nucleotides match to the genetic sequence of the RNA which then creates an mRNA strand (messanger)

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

• base pairs: A, G, C, U
• single stranded
• creates protein via protein synthesis

Question 20

mRNA

Answer 20

messanger RNA
carries copy of DNA code

Question 21

tRNA

Answer 21

transfer RNA
link between mRNA and amino acids

Question 22

rRNA

Answer 22

ribosomal RNA

Question 23

Autosomal

Answer 23

chromosomes that do not define sex