term 3 english Flashcards
what are conjunctions?
joining words
what type of words are:
- and
- but
- yet
- or
- so
-unless
- because
- although
conjunctions
what is an abbreviation?
a shortened form of a word
name 3 types of abbreviations
acronyms
initialisms
truncations
what is an acronym?
when the initials make a NEW WORD
e.g AIDS, NASA
what is an initialism?
when the initials are used but the don’t make a new word (so. you say the letters)
e.g. FYI, a.m., USA
what is a truncation?
an abbreviation where the end of the word is CUT OFF when you write it (but when you read it say the whole word)
e.g etc. , Oct., Mon.
what is an adverb?
a word that describes a VERB (and sometimes other types of words but never nouns).
There are 5 TYPES:
- adverbs of place
- adverbs of time
- adverbs of manner
- adverbs of frequency
- adverbs of degree
what is an adjective?
a word that describes a NOUN
what is an adverb of PLACE?
words that tell us WHERE an action is done
e.g. outside, everywhere, here, there, near, far, upstairs
what is an adverb of TIME?
words that tell us WHEN an action is done
e.g. now, today, yesterday, soon, sometime, whenever
what are adverbs of MANNER?
words that tell us HOW an action is done
e.g. quickly, quietly, beauitfully, carefully
what are adverbs of FREQUENCY?
what are adverbs of DEGREE?
what is a simple sentence?
what is a compound sentence?
a sentence where two simple sentences are joined with a CONJUNCTION
what is a complex sentence
a sentence where two or more clauses (or sentences) are joined with a ADVERB or PRONOUN - so joining them tells you more about one of them
what is the subordinate clause in a complex sentence?
the clause that tells you more about the main clause
what is the subject of a sentence?
WHO or WHAT (noun) the sentence is talking about. To work out the subject, ask yourself:
who or what is doing the thing in the sentence?
what is the is the object of a sentence?
the object is the NOUN (a thing or who or what) the subject of a sentence is doing something to or with
what is the predicate of a sentence
the VERB and OBJECT together (usually comes after the subject)
list 5 types of pronouns
Personal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Relative pronoun
Domonstrative pronouns
What is a personal pronoun?
used to refer to people or object (usually instead of using their names) e.g. you, she, he, it, they, we, me, him, her, him, us
What are possesive pronouns?
used to show who owns or can be linked to an item e.g. mine, yours, his hers, theirs
what are reflexive pronouns?
used when the subject and object of the sentence are the same and end in -self or -selves
e.g. myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves, ourselves
What are demonstrative pronouns?
words that show distance in time or space between noun and speaker e.g.
this (something close, singular),
that (singular, far),
these (plural, close),
those (plural, far)
What are relative pronouns?
words that begin a relative clause and add extra information e.g.
that, which, who, whose, whom, where, when
what are pronouns?
used to replace the nouns in a sentence
what do pronouns help us to do?
make our writing less repetitive
what is subject verb agreement?
when the subject and verb in a sentence agree - they both need to be plural or both need to be singular
e.g. We bake a cake. BUT
My mum bakes a cake
what is a collective noun?
a name for a GROUP of things
what is the difference between a collective noun and a common noun?
a collective noun is the name of a group of things whereas
a common noun is the name of one of the things
What is a transitive verb?
an action verb that has a direct object. So you can answer the question “Subject verb what?”
What is an intransitive verb?
an action verb that has no direct object, it’s usually followed by more information about the verb
So you cannot answer the question “Subject verb what?”
what is an auxillary verb?
a verb that helps with the main verb (action) to tell us when the action or state of being occurs e.g. is, am, are, have, do, does, was, were, will
what is a main verb?
the verb that shows the action or state of being in a sentence
