Term 3 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What are the requirements for sexual reproduction in terms of gametes and the number of parents?
Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes and involves two parents.
What are the requirements for asexual reproduction in terms of gametes and the number of parents?
Asexual reproduction does not require gametes and involves only one parent.
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
Genetic diversity, adaptation to new environments, and increased survival chances in changing environments.
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
Requires two parents, is slower, and requires more energy compared to asexual reproduction.
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Faster reproduction, only one parent required, and efficient in stable environments.
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
Lack of genetic diversity and vulnerability to the same diseases.
Name different methods of asexual reproduction (7 types)
Binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation, parthenogenesis, apomixis and spore formation.
What is the function of the anther in a flower?
The anther produces pollen grains containing male gametes.
What is the function of the filament in a flower?
The filament supports the anther.
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
The stigma receives pollen during pollination.
What is the function of the style in a flower?
The style connects the stigma to the ovary.
What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization.
Describe the process of pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same or another flower, carried out by wind, water, or animals.
What is the function of the ovule in a flower?
The ovule contains the female gamete.
Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plants
Fertilization occurs when a pollen tube grows from the stigma to the ovary, allowing the male gamete to fuse with the female gamete in the ovule, forming a zygote.
What is the function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
The testes produce sperm and testosterone.
What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?
The epididymis stores sperm.
What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
What is the function of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland?
They produce seminal fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
What is the function of the penis in the male reproductive system?
The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive system.
What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?
The fallopian tubes transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.
What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?
The uterus nurtures the developing embryo/fetus.
What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
The vagina receives sperm during intercourse and acts as the birth canal.
How is a zygote formed?
A zygote is formed when the male sperm cell fuses with the female egg cell during fertilization, containing a complete set of chromosomes.
What does the term “viviparous” mean
Viviparous refers to animals that give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. The embryo develops inside the mother’s body, receiving nourishment directly from her.
What is a “blastocyst”?
A blastocyst is an early stage of embryonic development in mammals, occurring after the formation of the zygote. It consists of a hollow ball of cells and eventually implants into the uterine wall.
What is “embryonic development”?
Embryonic development is the process by which the embryo forms and develops, starting from a single fertilized egg (zygote) through to the formation of a fully developed fetus.
