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Year 10 HPE E > Term 3 Anatomy > Flashcards

Term 3 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define Biomechanics

A

Study of the laws of mechanics related to motion.

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2
Q

Define Functional Anatomy

A

Study of function of muscles and bones in movement

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3
Q

What are the 2 parts of the skeleton?

A

Axial and Appendicular

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4
Q

Which skeleton part is the spine and head?

A

Axial

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5
Q

Which skeleton part is the outer extremities?

A

Appendicular

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6
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell production, Energy Storage

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7
Q

What does the skeletal system protect?

A

Internal organs

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8
Q

T or F: Red bone marrow makes blood cells.

A

True

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9
Q

T or F: The skeletal system stores water.

A

False

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10
Q

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

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11
Q

What is an example of flat bones?

A

Skull, breast/chest

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12
Q

What is an example of irregular bones?

A

vertebrae, Facial bones, shoulder blades

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13
Q

What are the 3 joint classifications?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

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14
Q

Explain the Cartilaginous joint function

A

The joint has no cavity, only held by cartilage

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15
Q

Name the 6 structures of a Synovial joint

A

Articular capsule, Articular cartilage, synovial fluid, bursa, tendons, ligaments

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16
Q

What is Synovial Fluid?

A

A secretion that nourishes the articular cartilage

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17
Q

Where is synovial fluid stored?

A

in the bursa

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18
Q

Name the 6 types of Synovial joints

A

Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Ball and socket

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19
Q

What is the difference between origin and insertion of muscles?

A

Origin is the muscle attached to less movable bone, while insertion is more movable bone

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20
Q

How does movement in the body happen?

A

Muscles convert chemical energy into mechanical energy

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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22
Q

What does the cardiac muscle create?

A

Forms most of the heart

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23
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Smooth muscle is the muscle on the walls on internal structures, such as intestines

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24
Q

What are the 3 functions of muscle?

A

Movement to walk, digest, and excrete, stabilization, generate heat

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25
Q

T or F: muscles are arranged together to oppose each others motion

A

True

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26
Q

T or F: Muscles only do 2 actions

A

True

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27
Q

What are the 2 actions muscles do?

A

Contraction and Relaxation

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28
Q

What are the 3 muscle relationship classifications?

A

Agonist, Antagonist, Stabiliser

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29
Q

What does the agonist do?

A

Agonist contracts to cause the desired movement

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30
Q

What are the 2 types of stabilisers?

A

Synergists, Fixators

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31
Q

What is a fixator?

A

Muscle which stabilisers the joint of a movement

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32
Q

What are the 2 main types of contractions?

A

Isotonic, Isometric

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33
Q

T or F: Metric is a type of contraction

A

False

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34
Q

What is a isotonic contraction?

A

When the muscle changes length during the contraction

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35
Q

T or F: Concentric contractions is when the muscle lengthens

A

False

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36
Q

Do isometric contractions lengthen the muscle or shorten it?

A

Neither, the muscle does not change length during isometric contractions

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37
Q

Examples of isometric contractions

A

Squat hold, plank

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38
Q

What are the 5 principles in biomechanics?

A

Force (production), Motion, Balance/stability, Levers and Bernoulli’s principle

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39
Q

T or F: Biomechanics can make athletes techniques worse

A

False

40
Q

Define force

A

Anything that causes or has the potential to cause movement of an object

41
Q

How do you calculate Force?

A

Force = Mass (kg) x Acceleration (m/s)

42
Q

What are the 2 different types of force (in biomechanics)

A

Internal and External

43
Q

What are the 2 types of external forces (in biomechanics)

A

Contact forces, non-contact

44
Q

How many types of contact forces are there?

A

6

45
Q

What are the contact forces?

A

Ground reaction, joint reaction, friction, fluid resistance, inertial force, elastic force

46
Q

T or F: air resistance is a type of friction force

A

True, because it is counted as friction

47
Q

Define Force Production

A

Ability of the body to generate movement against resistance

48
Q

What are the 3 biomechanical concepts involved in force production?

A

Momentum, Summation of force, impulse

49
Q

How do you calculate momentum?

A

Mass (kg) x Velocity (m/s)

50
Q

T or F: Momentum can be lost

A

False

51
Q

How does conservation of momentum work?

A

Momentum is transferred from one object to another

52
Q

T or F: Summation of forces means the largest force

A

False

53
Q

What influences summation of force?

A

Number of body parts, order and timing, force and velocity generated, way in which body is balanced

54
Q

T or F: Balance affects total power exerted.

A

True

55
Q

What is impulse (in biomechanics)?

A

Combined effort of force and time.

56
Q

Which requires more force, a jump or hitting a baseball with a bat?

A

Baseball, because the time is shorter, so need a larger force

57
Q

What are the 4 types of motion

A

Linear, Curvilinear, Angular, General

58
Q

What is curvilinear motion?

A

Any motion on a curved line

59
Q

What is angular motion?

A

Any motion around a central point

60
Q

T or F: Angular motion can only happen outside of the body

A

False

61
Q

Example of general motion

A

Running, spinning ball

62
Q

What is displacement?

A

Distance from start

63
Q

What is difference between velocity and speed?

A

Velocity is speed with a direction

64
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

An object will not move until force put on

65
Q

How many Law’s does Newton have?

A

3

66
Q

T or F: F=MxA is Newton’s 3rd law

A

False

67
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

68
Q

T or F: only round objects in the air are considered projectiles

A

False, all aerial objects are considered projectiles

69
Q

2 main types of sport projectiles are?

A

Implements, bodies

70
Q

What are implements?

A

Equipment thrown into the air during sports

71
Q

What is trajectory?

A

The line an object travels on while in the air

72
Q

What 2 external factors affect trajectory?

A

Drag, gravity

73
Q

What 3 release factors affect trajectory?

A

angle, height, and speed of release

74
Q

T or F: 45 degrees is the best angle of release, always

A

False

75
Q

T or F: hydro balance is a type of balance

A

False

76
Q

What are the 2 types of balance?

A

Static and dynamic

77
Q

How does Centre of gravity affect the base of gravity

A

To have the strongest stability your center of gravity needs to be over your base of support

78
Q

T or F: Mass decreases stability

A

False

79
Q

T or F: Levers make it easier to lift heavy objects

A

False

80
Q

What are the 3 parts of a lever?

A

Load, force, fulcrum

81
Q

T or F: Fulcrum is a joint

A

False

82
Q

How many types of levers are there?

A

3

83
Q

Where is the fulcrum placed for a 2nd class lever?

A

Next to the resistance on the edge

84
Q

Which part of a lever is in the middle for a 3rd class lever?

A

Force

85
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

Being able to increase load without increasing force

86
Q

Which levers create mechanical advantage?

A

1st and 2nd class

87
Q

Which type of lever is bobbing your head up and down?

A

1st class
Fulcrum: neck
Load: Head
Force: Neck tendons

88
Q

T or F: calf raises is an example of 2nd class levers

A

True

89
Q

What are levers in the body called?

A

Anatomical levers

90
Q

T or F: Tall athletes have an advantage in weightlifting

A

False

91
Q

Which arm is bigger for a force multiplier?

A

The force arm

92
Q

Which arm is bigger for a speed multiplier?

A

The Resistance arm

93
Q

What is flextion?

A

Decreasing angle between bones

94
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving bone towards body

95
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving bone away body

Year 10 HPE E (1 decks)

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