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Natural Science > Term 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Term 3 & 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

energy def.

A

ability to do work

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2
Q

renewable energy def.

A

energy that cannot be used up

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3
Q

non-renewable energy def.

A

energy that will eventually be used up

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4
Q

fossil fuels def.

A

fuels that were made from living matter a very long time ago

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5
Q

non-renewable energy forms:

A
  • coal
  • oil
  • gas
  • uranium
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6
Q

renewable energy forms:

A
  • hydropower (energy from falling water)
  • wave and tidal power
  • wind energy
  • solar energy
  • biofuel
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7
Q

potential energy def.

A

energy stored in an object or system

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8
Q

types of potential energy

A
  • elastic potential energy (energy stored in a stretched or compressed object)
  • gravitational potential energy (energy stored in an object because of its position above the Earth)
  • chemical potential energy (energy stored in the particles of substances.
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9
Q

joule def.

A

unit used to measure energy

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10
Q

kinetic energy def.

A

energy an object has because it is moving

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11
Q

energy system def.

A

different parts that work together to store, use or give out energy, so that a specific task can be done

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12
Q

Energy systems:

A
  • mechanical system (uses forces and movement to do a specific task)
  • thermal systems (heat energy transferred between different parts in system)
  • electrical system
  • biological system
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13
Q

energy transfer def.

A

movement of energy from one object to another, or the change of energy from one form to another

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14
Q

thermal energy def.

A

energy produced by heat

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15
Q

tempurature def.

A

how hot or cold an object is

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16
Q

conservation of energy def.

A

making sure that the same amount of energy is present at the end of a reaction or process as there was at the beginning

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17
Q

law of conservation of energy states that…

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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18
Q

heat def.

A

energy that an object has because of the movement in the particles that make up the object

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19
Q

conduction def.

A

transfer of heat through solid objects that are in physical contact with each other

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20
Q

variables def.

A

factors that can change, are observable and measurable

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21
Q

fixed variable def.

A

variable that is kept constant every time the investigation is conducted

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22
Q

convection def.

A

the way that heat energy flows through liquids and gases

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23
Q

convection current def.

A

circular movement of fluids caused by convection

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24
Q

radiation def.

A

transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves

25
Q

electromagnetic waves def.

A

special waves that can carry heat energy

26
Q

vacuum def.

A

a space where there is no matter

27
Q

absorbtion def.

A

process in which light strikes a surface and disappears, giving its energy to the surface in the form of heat energy.

28
Q

efficiency def.

A

being able to work well with minimum waste

29
Q

insulating materials def.

A

materials that reduce heat loss

30
Q

national electricity grid def.

A

system that generates and supplies electricity in South Africa

31
Q

solar energy def.

A

energy from the Sun

32
Q

heat and light energy uses:

A

heat - to warm up Earth

light - enables us to see and plants make photosynthesis

33
Q

Earth spinning on axis causes …

A

night and day

34
Q

Earths tilt causes …

A

seasons

35
Q

orbit def.

A

fixed path an object in space travels in as it revolves around another object

36
Q

revoulution def.

A

movement of an object in space around another object

37
Q

equinox and solstice dates

A

are on the 21st of June, December, March and September

38
Q

intensity of solar energy def.

A

amount of energy per unit area that reaches a place

39
Q

circle of illumination def.

A

line dividing the lit half from the dark half of the Earth

40
Q

inputs of photosynthesis

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • light energy from the Sun
  • Water from the soil
41
Q

outputs of photosynthesis

A
  • oxygen

- glucose (an energy rich sugar)

42
Q

Water cycle:

A
  1. The Sun’s energy warms water on Earth’s surface and causes it to evaporate, changing into water-vapour
  2. The Sun’s energy heats the air, causing it to rise. The rising air then cools and water-vapour condenses into tiny droplets of water.
  3. These droplets gather to form clouds
  4. Rain falls from the clouds, returning back to Earth. The falling water is called precipitation
43
Q

fossils def.

A

remains of plants and animals that lived long ago

44
Q

swamps def.

A

wetlands in which tall trees and other plants grow

45
Q

Stages to make fossil fuels:

A
  1. Remains of plants and animals are deposited under swamps on land or along the coast. They begin to decay
  2. Soil and mud are washed into the water and form a layer on top of the plant and animal remains. These layers press down on the remains
  3. More layers lead to increased pressure and over a long time. Over a long time
    - the lower layers of sand and mud are compacted and form sedimentary rock
    - the pressure changes the remains into coal, oil or gas
46
Q

phases of the moon def.

A

shapes of the lit part of the moon as seen by an observer on Earth

47
Q

phases of the moon

A

new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent

48
Q

gravity def.

A

tendency of all objects to attract, or pull toward each other because of their mass

49
Q

mass def.

A

amount of matter in an object

50
Q

pull of gravity depends on …

A
  • how much mass they have

- how far apart their centres are

51
Q

Go to page 215

A

how did you do?

52
Q

tides def.

A

predictable, daily rise and fall of sea and ocean levels

53
Q

spring tide def.

A

tide when high tide is extra high and low tide is extra low

54
Q

tides are caused by …

A

moon’s gravitational pull

55
Q

spring tides are caused by …

A

the combination of the Sun and moon’s gravitational pull

56
Q

go to page 222

A

how did you do?

57
Q

go to page 183 and draw

A

how did you do?

58
Q

draw sun and Earth diagrams

A

how did you do?

Natural Science (1 decks)

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