Term 3

Question 1

UN indicators of absolute poverty and deprivation?

Answer 1

Dirty water, lack of shelter, sanitation, poor nutrition and insufficient calories, lack of essential medical and maternity care, no access to education, info deprivation

Question 2

What is the difference between ABSOLUTE and RELATIVE poverty?

Answer 2

Absolute poverty is consistent across countries. Relative poverty is measured in relation to the country when the person lives. (EU relative poverty is having a household income of

Question 3

Occupation social classifications? (NS-SEC)

Answer 3

1) Higher occupations (professional and managerial occupations)
2) Intermediate occupations (clerical, services, small employers, self employed)
3) Lower occupations (Lower supervisory/technical occupations)
4) Never worked and long term unemployed

Question 4

Are children from lower NS-SEC families likely to die from accidents?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Is relative poverty associated with a gradient in morbidity and mortality?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Are there significant differences in morbidity and mortality by geographical locations?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Have inequalities between richest and poorest increased?

Answer 7

Yes over the last 15 years

Question 8

Which groups in the UK have the slowest growing life expectancy?

Answer 8

Those in lower NS-SEC classes

Question 9

Has the gap in mortality increased between the richest and poorest in the UK in recent years?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are the main suggestions of the theory of health inequalities ‘Health related mobility model’?

Answer 10

Health status influences social position: healthiest risk and unhealthy sink (cant get work etc.) - action of society on people with impairment rather than the illness itself

Question 11

Discrimination in education, training and employment in society is evidence of which theory to explain health inequalities?

Answer 11

Health related mobility model: health selection

Question 12

What is the main suggestion so the theory of health inequalities ‘Individual behaviour: lifestyle’?

Answer 12

Social position is linked to health status through lifestyle. Lower NS-SEC = higher rates of unhealthy behaviours: smoking, alcohol consumption, lower rates of exercise, unhealthy diet

Question 13

Studies showing that the higher your NS-SEC status then the less likely you are to smoke are evidence to support which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 13

That ‘individual behaviour: lifestyle’ is the cause of health inequalities (people in lower NS-SEC categories more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours)

Question 14

‘Education: healthy lifestyle promotion’, ‘medication’ are solutions for health inequalities in context of which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 14

Individual behaviour: lifestyle is the cause of health inequalities

Question 15

What are the main suggestions of the theory of health inequalities, ‘The materialist explanation’?

Answer 15

An individual’s material context is the main influence of health and disease (income, housing, pollution, education, employment, working conditions) - there actual physical resources is what determines there health (eg. better, warmer house away from main roads and pollution = better health) - not actual peoples own fault

Question 16

Evidence showing that ‘health problems associated with poor housing (eg. respiratory problems from damp conditions) costs the NHS at least £600 million per year’ is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 16

The materialist explanation - your material context determines your health

Question 17

More equal income distribution, improves access to education and healthcare resources are suggested solutions for health inequalities according to which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 17

The materialist explanation

Question 18

What are the main suggestions of the ‘psycho social explanation’ of health inequalities?

Answer 18

There is a psychological aspect and a social aspect
Higher relative inequality (between poor and rich) associated with more health and social problems
Social inequalities leads to psychological consequences which leads to health consequences

Question 19

Evidence that the prevalence of mental ill health is higher in more unequal rich countries (in terms of social classes) is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 19

The psycho social explanation

Question 20

A study of civil servants in London which showed a stepwise social gradient in physical and mental health is evidence for which explanation of health inequalities?

Answer 20

The psycho social explanation

Question 21

Marmot (2006) ‘status syndrome’ explanation of health inequalities suggests what?

Answer 21

That we have psychological mechanisms associated with social status differentiation - we know our place innately - these psychological awarenesses influence our health
And low position is linked to 2 main biological stress pathways eg. raised cortisol - because wanting stuff higher up in the social ladder is inherently stressful

Question 22

What is the main suggestion of the ‘life course explanation’ of health inequalities?

Answer 22

Health develops over time and across generations, says:
Timing - health trajectories are particularly affected during sensitive periods (eg. where you are born)
Environment: physical and social environment strongly affects the capacity to be healthy
Timeline: todays exposure affects tomorrows health
Idea that things build up over time, cumulatively, and determine whether healthy or not

Question 23

Evidence that childrens fathers working in manual occupations carried a higher risk of CHD as adults, regardless of their own adult socioeconomic characteristics is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?

Answer 23

Life course explanation of health inequalities

Question 24

Improving infant health and nutrition and health during pregnancy are suggested solutions according to which explanation of health inequalities?

Answer 24

Life course explanation of health inequalities