Term 3 Flashcards
UN indicators of absolute poverty and deprivation?
Dirty water, lack of shelter, sanitation, poor nutrition and insufficient calories, lack of essential medical and maternity care, no access to education, info deprivation
What is the difference between ABSOLUTE and RELATIVE poverty?
Absolute poverty is consistent across countries. Relative poverty is measured in relation to the country when the person lives. (EU relative poverty is having a household income of
Occupation social classifications? (NS-SEC)
1) Higher occupations (professional and managerial occupations)
2) Intermediate occupations (clerical, services, small employers, self employed)
3) Lower occupations (Lower supervisory/technical occupations)
4) Never worked and long term unemployed
Are children from lower NS-SEC families likely to die from accidents?
Yes
Is relative poverty associated with a gradient in morbidity and mortality?
Yes
Are there significant differences in morbidity and mortality by geographical locations?
Yes
Have inequalities between richest and poorest increased?
Yes over the last 15 years
Which groups in the UK have the slowest growing life expectancy?
Those in lower NS-SEC classes
Has the gap in mortality increased between the richest and poorest in the UK in recent years?
Yes
What are the main suggestions of the theory of health inequalities ‘Health related mobility model’?
Health status influences social position: healthiest risk and unhealthy sink (cant get work etc.) - action of society on people with impairment rather than the illness itself
Discrimination in education, training and employment in society is evidence of which theory to explain health inequalities?
Health related mobility model: health selection
What is the main suggestion so the theory of health inequalities ‘Individual behaviour: lifestyle’?
Social position is linked to health status through lifestyle. Lower NS-SEC = higher rates of unhealthy behaviours: smoking, alcohol consumption, lower rates of exercise, unhealthy diet
Studies showing that the higher your NS-SEC status then the less likely you are to smoke are evidence to support which theory of health inequalities?
That ‘individual behaviour: lifestyle’ is the cause of health inequalities (people in lower NS-SEC categories more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours)
‘Education: healthy lifestyle promotion’, ‘medication’ are solutions for health inequalities in context of which theory of health inequalities?
Individual behaviour: lifestyle is the cause of health inequalities
What are the main suggestions of the theory of health inequalities, ‘The materialist explanation’?
An individual’s material context is the main influence of health and disease (income, housing, pollution, education, employment, working conditions) - there actual physical resources is what determines there health (eg. better, warmer house away from main roads and pollution = better health) - not actual peoples own fault
Evidence showing that ‘health problems associated with poor housing (eg. respiratory problems from damp conditions) costs the NHS at least £600 million per year’ is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?
The materialist explanation - your material context determines your health
More equal income distribution, improves access to education and healthcare resources are suggested solutions for health inequalities according to which theory of health inequalities?
The materialist explanation
What are the main suggestions of the ‘psycho social explanation’ of health inequalities?
There is a psychological aspect and a social aspect
Higher relative inequality (between poor and rich) associated with more health and social problems
Social inequalities leads to psychological consequences which leads to health consequences
Evidence that the prevalence of mental ill health is higher in more unequal rich countries (in terms of social classes) is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?
The psycho social explanation
A study of civil servants in London which showed a stepwise social gradient in physical and mental health is evidence for which explanation of health inequalities?
The psycho social explanation
Marmot (2006) ‘status syndrome’ explanation of health inequalities suggests what?
That we have psychological mechanisms associated with social status differentiation - we know our place innately - these psychological awarenesses influence our health
And low position is linked to 2 main biological stress pathways eg. raised cortisol - because wanting stuff higher up in the social ladder is inherently stressful
What is the main suggestion of the ‘life course explanation’ of health inequalities?
Health develops over time and across generations, says:
Timing - health trajectories are particularly affected during sensitive periods (eg. where you are born)
Environment: physical and social environment strongly affects the capacity to be healthy
Timeline: todays exposure affects tomorrows health
Idea that things build up over time, cumulatively, and determine whether healthy or not
Evidence that childrens fathers working in manual occupations carried a higher risk of CHD as adults, regardless of their own adult socioeconomic characteristics is evidence for which theory of health inequalities?
Life course explanation of health inequalities
Improving infant health and nutrition and health during pregnancy are suggested solutions according to which explanation of health inequalities?
Life course explanation of health inequalities
