Term 3 Flashcards
0
Q
What does the free nerve ending pick up ?
A
Pain , heat and cold itch
1
Q
What does the encapsulated nerve ending pick up ?
A
Pressure and touch
2
Q
What is referred pain ?
A
- Pain that is picked up in an organ but felt somewhere else
- viceral pain that is felt as cutaneous pain
3
Q
What does cutaneous mean ?
A
Skin or surface
4
Q
What is the conjunctiva ?
A
The pink part of the eye
Lies inside of the eyelid
5
Q
What is the sclera ?
A
The white part of the eye
6
Q
What is the retina ?
A
The interior coating of the eye , where visual action takes place
7
Q
Where is the exterior coating of the eye ?
A
Sclera
A tough fibrous membrane in the front
8
Q
What is the middle layer of the eye called ?
A
Choroid layer (brownish color ) Between the sclera and retina
9
Q
What is the role of the lens , sometimes called the crystal lens ?
A
For focusing / accommodation
10
Q
What are the lens controlled by ?
A
The ciliary muscle
It stretches it out to see close or long distance
11
Q
What is the pupil ?
A
The opening or the black hole of the eye
12
Q
What’s the color portion of the eye that around the pupil ?
A
Iris
13
Q
What does the iris do ?
A
- It makes the pupil bigger or smaller
- it’s called pupillary dialation
14
Q
What accommodate/pushed the lens and iris?
A
Ciliary muscle
15
Q
What is the cornea ?
A
- Part if the sclera
- Allows light waves to first enter the eye /the window of the eye
16
Q
Where is the aqueous humor found ?
A
Water in the front
Anterior chamber
17
Q
Where is the vitreous humor found ?
A
- Jelly like liquid
- Found in the posterior chamber
- it gives the eye a substance
18
Q
Where are cones found an what is it for ?
A
In the retina
For color
19
Q
Where are the rods& cones found ?
A
On the retina
20
Q
What are the Rods for ?
A
Shading
Remember rod the vampire ;darkness
21
Q
What is the role of lacrimal glands ?
A
Produce tears
22
Q
Where are the lacrimal glands found ?
A
The outer cantus
23
Q
What is Lysome ?
A
Body’s natural antiseptic
Found in tears and saliva
24
What's the purpose of tears ?
It's flows from the outter cantus to the inner cantus to lacrimal ducts to the nasopharynx and down the back
-it lubricate and protect the eye from infection
25
What is convergence ?
Looking at and object up close and not seeing double
26
What is binocular vision ?
It's allows dept perception and makes large vision field
27
What is accommodation ?
Increase refractive ability of eye necessary for near vision
28
What is pupillary constriction ?
Blocks light rays That pass through lens and increase sharpness of image
29
What is the first thing the light hit In The eye ? Pathway of light rays!!!
```
Cornea (from eye)
Anterior and posterior chamber
Pupil
Lens
Vitreous chamber and vitreous humor
Retina
```
Optic nerve fiber (to brain )
Cerebral cortex
30
What does the brain do with images when picked up ?
Interpret them
31
What's in the outter ear ?
Pinna or auricle
32
What's in the middle ear ?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
The 3 occipital bones
33
What's in the inner ear ?
Organ of corti
Auditory nerve
Chochlea
Semicircular canal
34
What is the a actual organ of hearing ?
Organ of corti
35
What does the organ of corti responsible for ?
Hearing and balance (equilibrium )
36
What nerve pair lets us see ?
Optic nerve
37
How many cranial nerve do we have ?
12 pair
38
What does vagus mean ?
Wondering nerve
39
What does the vagus nerve do ?
Slow heart rate
| Goes down the Thoriac area to the abdominal area , controls peristalsis of the stomach
40
What gives us sence of taste ?
The olfactory nerve
41
What is the disease causes by the trigeminal nerve ?
Trigeminal neuralgia
42
Trigeminal neuralgia is _____ and the _____ nerve ?
Sensory
| Fifth cranial nerve
43
The facial nerve is ______ and the ____ cranial nerve ?
Motor
| 7th cranial nerve
44
What is the occipital area ?
Visual area
45
What is the partial area for ?
Sensory and memory
46
What is the temporal area for ?
Hearing (where the auditory goes through )
47
What is the frontal area for ?
Motor and judgement
48
What is the cerebrum made of ?
Gray mater
49
What is the cerebrum for ?
Thinking process
| Brain/good sence
50
What is the cerebellum ?
The little brain
51
What does the hypothalamus do ?
Regulate body tempreature
52
What is the medulla oblongata do ?
Vital center
| B/p HR ,resp
53
Where is the cerebral spinal fluid formed ?
Choroid plexus
54
Where does the cerebral spinal fluid circulates ?
The meninges
55
What are the mininges ?
Dura mater
Arachnoid space
Pita mater
56
The fluid circulates in the arachnoid space and is returned where in the brain ?
Cranial Venus sinuses
57
What is the purpose of the cerebral spinal fluid ?
- shock observer
| - for nutrient to carry away waste from the brain cell
58
What's the purpose of the spinal cord ?
Send message the through the body and transmit message to the brain
59
What are the two part of the central nervous system ?
Brain and spinal cord
60
How many pair if spinal nerves are their ?
31 pairs
61
What does the spinal nerve control ?
The PNS
| things that are outside of control of the brain
62
What does the dendrite do ?
Recieve the impulses
| Carry the impulses through the cell body down the axon through the gap(snapse ) to the next dendrite
63
What insulation is the axon coated with ?
Myelin
64
What transmit the electrical impulses that comes down to the dendrite , cell body axon and tries to get across to the next dendrite ?
Chemical neurotransmitter
65
What are the chemical neurotransmitters ?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
66
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do ?
Bring is back to normal
| Like a parachute
67
What does the sympathetic system do ?
Fight or flight response
68
What is the fight or flight response do ?
```
Increase HR
decrease peristalsis
Open up bronchioles
Shut down the bladder
Dilate the pupils
```
69
is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary ?
Involuntary
70
What are reflexes ?
Involuntary response to stimuli
71
What is the patella reflex ?
Knee
72
What inactivate acetocyline ??
Choloriestarae
73
What causes muscle fatigue ?
Build up of lactic acid
74
What is the oxygen that's stored in the muscle at all times ?
Myoglobin
75
What is the most abundant energy source ?
Glycogen or glucose
76
What is the oxygen in the RBC ?
Hemoglobin
77
What is synergistic muscle
Works together
78
What is antagonistic muscle ?
F
79
What happens when a muscle pulls on a bone
It shortens
80
What is muscle tone ?
Continuous muscle contraction
81
What is the joint capsule ?
Like a sleeve
82
What is the joint capsule lined with ?
Synovial membrane
83
What does the synovial membrane secrete ?
Synovial fluid
84
What is the purpose of the synovial fluid ?
To prevent wear and tear
| Lubrication
85
What are the ends of the bones covered with ?
Articular cartilage
86
What is the miniscus , what do they do and prevent ?
Little disc
They help reduce heat
Prevent rubbing in each other
87
What are bursa ?
Jelly belly pillow
| The bone slide Over the bursa instead of the bone
88
What is it called if the bursa gets inflamed ?
Bursitis
89
Where are suture joints found ?
In the head
90
What is the symphysis pubis ?
Pubic bone
| Seperate during child birth
91
Where are the ball and socket joints?
Shoulder and joint (acetabulum )
92
Where is the hinge joint ?
Elbow and knee
93
Where is the pivot joint ?
Head and neck
94
What are the first too vertebrae called ?
Atlas and axis or the c1 & c2
95
What is the muscle fasia ?
Covering if the muscle
| The white membrane
96
What is the periosteum ?
Covering of the bone
97
What does the episyseal disc on the bone do ?
Stops bone growth
98
When does the episyheal disc close/stop growing ?
Between 17-24
99
What do tendons do ?
Connect muscle to bone
100
What do ligament do ?
Connect bone to bone
101
What's produce in the bone marrow ?
```
Red marrow
Yellow marrow (fat)
```
102
What do red bone marrow produce ?
Red blood cell
White blood cells
Platelets
103
What are the chief minerals of the bone ?
Calcium and phropous (main ones )
| Protein and vitamin D
104
Where are encapsulated nerve ending found ?
Dermis
105
What's the largest bone in the body ?
Femur
106
What the largest bone in the upper body ?
Humerus
107
What part of the ear is equilibrium imbalance ?
Inner (semi circular canal )
108
What is the difference between abduction and addiction ?
Abduction is away from the body
| Addiction is towards the body
109
What's the purpose and muscle and muscle tone ?
Shape , posture and produce heat
110
What is acetabulum ?
The socket in the hip
111
What is the eustachian tube ?
(pharyngotympanic tube) connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx.
112
What is the window of the eye that first allow light rays to enter ?
Cornea
