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A&p Midterm Term 3 > Term 3 > Flashcards

Term 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What does the free nerve ending pick up ?

A

Pain , heat and cold itch

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1
Q

What does the encapsulated nerve ending pick up ?

A

Pressure and touch

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2
Q

What is referred pain ?

A
  • Pain that is picked up in an organ but felt somewhere else
  • viceral pain that is felt as cutaneous pain
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3
Q

What does cutaneous mean ?

A

Skin or surface

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4
Q

What is the conjunctiva ?

A

The pink part of the eye

Lies inside of the eyelid

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5
Q

What is the sclera ?

A

The white part of the eye

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6
Q

What is the retina ?

A

The interior coating of the eye , where visual action takes place

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7
Q

Where is the exterior coating of the eye ?

A

Sclera

A tough fibrous membrane in the front

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8
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye called ?

A 
Choroid layer (brownish color ) 
Between the sclera and retina
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9
Q

What is the role of the lens , sometimes called the crystal lens ?

A

For focusing / accommodation

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10
Q

What are the lens controlled by ?

A

The ciliary muscle

It stretches it out to see close or long distance

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11
Q

What is the pupil ?

A

The opening or the black hole of the eye

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12
Q

What’s the color portion of the eye that around the pupil ?

A

Iris

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13
Q

What does the iris do ?

A
  • It makes the pupil bigger or smaller

- it’s called pupillary dialation

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14
Q

What accommodate/pushed the lens and iris?

A

Ciliary muscle

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15
Q

What is the cornea ?

A
  • Part if the sclera

- Allows light waves to first enter the eye /the window of the eye

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16
Q

Where is the aqueous humor found ?

A

Water in the front

Anterior chamber

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17
Q

Where is the vitreous humor found ?

A
  • Jelly like liquid
  • Found in the posterior chamber
  • it gives the eye a substance
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18
Q

Where are cones found an what is it for ?

A

In the retina

For color

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19
Q

Where are the rods& cones found ?

A

On the retina

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20
Q

What are the Rods for ?

A

Shading

Remember rod the vampire ;darkness

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21
Q

What is the role of lacrimal glands ?

A

Produce tears

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22
Q

Where are the lacrimal glands found ?

A

The outer cantus

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23
Q

What is Lysome ?

A

Body’s natural antiseptic

Found in tears and saliva

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24
Q

What’s the purpose of tears ?

A

It’s flows from the outter cantus to the inner cantus to lacrimal ducts to the nasopharynx and down the back
-it lubricate and protect the eye from infection

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25
Q

What is convergence ?

A

Looking at and object up close and not seeing double

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26
Q

What is binocular vision ?

A

It’s allows dept perception and makes large vision field

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27
Q

What is accommodation ?

A

Increase refractive ability of eye necessary for near vision

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28
Q

What is pupillary constriction ?

A

Blocks light rays That pass through lens and increase sharpness of image

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29
Q

What is the first thing the light hit In The eye ? Pathway of light rays!!!

A 
Cornea (from eye)  
Anterior and posterior chamber
Pupil
Lens
Vitreous chamber and vitreous humor 
Retina

Optic nerve fiber (to brain )
Cerebral cortex

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30
Q

What does the brain do with images when picked up ?

A

Interpret them

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31
Q

What’s in the outter ear ?

A

Pinna or auricle

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32
Q

What’s in the middle ear ?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes
The 3 occipital bones

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33
Q

What’s in the inner ear ?

A

Organ of corti
Auditory nerve
Chochlea
Semicircular canal

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34
Q

What is the a actual organ of hearing ?

A

Organ of corti

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35
Q

What does the organ of corti responsible for ?

A

Hearing and balance (equilibrium )

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36
Q

What nerve pair lets us see ?

A

Optic nerve

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37
Q

How many cranial nerve do we have ?

A

12 pair

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38
Q

What does vagus mean ?

A

Wondering nerve

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39
Q

What does the vagus nerve do ?

A

Slow heart rate

Goes down the Thoriac area to the abdominal area , controls peristalsis of the stomach

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40
Q

What gives us sence of taste ?

A

The olfactory nerve

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41
Q

What is the disease causes by the trigeminal nerve ?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

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42
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia is _____ and the _____ nerve ?

A

Sensory

Fifth cranial nerve

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43
Q

The facial nerve is ______ and the ____ cranial nerve ?

A

Motor

7th cranial nerve

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44
Q

What is the occipital area ?

A

Visual area

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45
Q

What is the partial area for ?

A

Sensory and memory

46
Q

What is the temporal area for ?

A

Hearing (where the auditory goes through )

47
Q

What is the frontal area for ?

A

Motor and judgement

48
Q

What is the cerebrum made of ?

A

Gray mater

49
Q

What is the cerebrum for ?

A

Thinking process

Brain/good sence

50
Q

What is the cerebellum ?

A

The little brain

51
Q

What does the hypothalamus do ?

A

Regulate body tempreature

52
Q

What is the medulla oblongata do ?

A

Vital center

B/p HR ,resp

53
Q

Where is the cerebral spinal fluid formed ?

A

Choroid plexus

54
Q

Where does the cerebral spinal fluid circulates ?

A

The meninges

55
Q

What are the mininges ?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid space
Pita mater

56
Q

The fluid circulates in the arachnoid space and is returned where in the brain ?

A

Cranial Venus sinuses

57
Q

What is the purpose of the cerebral spinal fluid ?

A
  • shock observer

- for nutrient to carry away waste from the brain cell

58
Q

What’s the purpose of the spinal cord ?

A

Send message the through the body and transmit message to the brain

59
Q

What are the two part of the central nervous system ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

60
Q

How many pair if spinal nerves are their ?

A

31 pairs

61
Q

What does the spinal nerve control ?

A

The PNS

things that are outside of control of the brain

62
Q

What does the dendrite do ?

A

Recieve the impulses

Carry the impulses through the cell body down the axon through the gap(snapse ) to the next dendrite

63
Q

What insulation is the axon coated with ?

A

Myelin

64
Q

What transmit the electrical impulses that comes down to the dendrite , cell body axon and tries to get across to the next dendrite ?

A

Chemical neurotransmitter

65
Q

What are the chemical neurotransmitters ?

A

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

66
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do ?

A

Bring is back to normal

Like a parachute

67
Q

What does the sympathetic system do ?

A

Fight or flight response

68
Q

What is the fight or flight response do ?

A 
Increase HR 
decrease peristalsis 
Open up bronchioles 
Shut down the bladder 
Dilate the pupils
69
Q

is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary ?

A

Involuntary

70
Q

What are reflexes ?

A

Involuntary response to stimuli

71
Q

What is the patella reflex ?

A

Knee

72
Q

What inactivate acetocyline ??

A

Choloriestarae

73
Q

What causes muscle fatigue ?

A

Build up of lactic acid

74
Q

What is the oxygen that’s stored in the muscle at all times ?

A

Myoglobin

75
Q

What is the most abundant energy source ?

A

Glycogen or glucose

76
Q

What is the oxygen in the RBC ?

A

Hemoglobin

77
Q

What is synergistic muscle

A

Works together

78
Q

What is antagonistic muscle ?

A

F

79
Q

What happens when a muscle pulls on a bone

A

It shortens

80
Q

What is muscle tone ?

A

Continuous muscle contraction

81
Q

What is the joint capsule ?

A

Like a sleeve

82
Q

What is the joint capsule lined with ?

A

Synovial membrane

83
Q

What does the synovial membrane secrete ?

A

Synovial fluid

84
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial fluid ?

A

To prevent wear and tear

Lubrication

85
Q

What are the ends of the bones covered with ?

A

Articular cartilage

86
Q

What is the miniscus , what do they do and prevent ?

A

Little disc
They help reduce heat
Prevent rubbing in each other

87
Q

What are bursa ?

A

Jelly belly pillow

The bone slide Over the bursa instead of the bone

88
Q

What is it called if the bursa gets inflamed ?

A

Bursitis

89
Q

Where are suture joints found ?

A

In the head

90
Q

What is the symphysis pubis ?

A

Pubic bone

Seperate during child birth

91
Q

Where are the ball and socket joints?

A

Shoulder and joint (acetabulum )

92
Q

Where is the hinge joint ?

A

Elbow and knee

93
Q

Where is the pivot joint ?

A

Head and neck

94
Q

What are the first too vertebrae called ?

A

Atlas and axis or the c1 & c2

95
Q

What is the muscle fasia ?

A

Covering if the muscle

The white membrane

96
Q

What is the periosteum ?

A

Covering of the bone

97
Q

What does the episyseal disc on the bone do ?

A

Stops bone growth

98
Q

When does the episyheal disc close/stop growing ?

A

Between 17-24

99
Q

What do tendons do ?

A

Connect muscle to bone

100
Q

What do ligament do ?

A

Connect bone to bone

101
Q

What’s produce in the bone marrow ?

A 
Red marrow 
Yellow marrow (fat)
102
Q

What do red bone marrow produce ?

A

Red blood cell
White blood cells
Platelets

103
Q

What are the chief minerals of the bone ?

A

Calcium and phropous (main ones )

Protein and vitamin D

104
Q

Where are encapsulated nerve ending found ?

A

Dermis

105
Q

What’s the largest bone in the body ?

A

Femur

106
Q

What the largest bone in the upper body ?

A

Humerus

107
Q

What part of the ear is equilibrium imbalance ?

A

Inner (semi circular canal )

108
Q

What is the difference between abduction and addiction ?

A

Abduction is away from the body

Addiction is towards the body

109
Q

What’s the purpose and muscle and muscle tone ?

A

Shape , posture and produce heat

110
Q

What is acetabulum ?

A

The socket in the hip

111
Q

What is the eustachian tube ?

A

(pharyngotympanic tube) connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx.

112
Q

What is the window of the eye that first allow light rays to enter ?

A

Cornea

A&p Midterm Term 3 (1 decks)

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