Term 3

Question 0

(Headache) tension

Answer 0

(Functional headaches) Muscle contractions of scalp, facial, cervical and thoracic muscles

• caused by low o2 in brain
• keep a headache diary

Question 1

(Headache) migraine

Answer 1

(Blood vessels) cerebral constriction then dilation

-interventions: dark quiet environment

Question 2

Spinal shock

Answer 2

Temporary condition (days to months) 
-s/s: flaccid paralysis, lack of sensation, hypotension, bradycardia

Question 3

Autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia)

Answer 3

Caused by bladder distention, uti and fecal impaction

- ss: severe headache, hypertension, nasal stiffness, blurred vision and goosebumps

Question 4

Quadriplegia

Answer 4

Paralysis in all 4 extremities

Question 5

Paraplegia

Answer 5

2 or half paralysis to lower extremities

Question 6

Care for skeletal tractions (halo and tongs)

Answer 6

Clean pins with benadin or hydrogen proxcide, don’t touch or adjust pins
-interventions: remain immobile, analgesics, neuro checks, turn q2hrs, bladder control and skin integrity

Question 7

Cervical injuries

Answer 7

High risk for resp arrest

• higher the injury (crackles, sob, paralysis is increased) ( in resp and thoracic area)
• immobilized pt: avoid turning/ moving/bending/flexing and rotation of spinal cord it can tear

Question 8

C1-c7 injury

Answer 8

Resp failure to temp ventilator

Question 9

Status epilepticus seizure

Answer 9

Worst: rapid- brain damage- death

- give volume (IM/IV) 100mg to knock out patient

Question 10

Tonic clonic (grand mal) seizure

Answer 10

Big sickness: body stiffens, jerking movements, unconscious, incontinent (last 1-2 min)

Question 11

Absence (peri mal) seizure

Answer 11

Little sickness: brief seizure, no loss or change is conscious movement (common in children)

Question 12

Post ictal period

Answer 12

After seizure: confused, drowsy and quiet

Question 13

Nursing care for seizure:

Answer 13

observation and doc (aura, onset, body parts involved, progression, duration, eye movement, memory loss, weakness, injury and what caused seizure
-safety, turn on side

Question 14

Expressive aphasia

Answer 14

Motor: not able to expressive themselves (reading and speaking)

Question 15

Receptive aphasia

Answer 15

Sensory: can’t understand

Question 16

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 16

Lost of visual fields

Question 17

Hemiplegia

Answer 17

Paralysis to arms or legs on same side of body

Question 18

Hemiparesis

Answer 18

Weakness on one side of body

Question 19

Dysphasia

Answer 19

Difficulty swallowing (45• when feeding)

Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

Inability or refuse

Question 21

Late signs of ICP

Answer 21

(Pushes on hypothalamus and medulla)

-increased temp/ BP, decreased pulse/ resp

Question 22

Glasgow scale

Answer 22

Normal : 14-15

Comatose: 1-3

Question 23

Pts more at risk for ICP

Answer 23

Brain surgery, tumors, high temp and headaches

Question 24

Ss of Loc

Answer 24

Restlessness, confusion, slurred speech, can't describe who and wheeee they are

Question 25

Epidural hematoma

Answer 25

Talk and drop | Arterial blood collects rapidly and may lead to death

Question 26

Subdural hemotoma

Answer 26

Creeps up Venous hematoma formation slow - teaching: don't fall asleep, monitor changes (confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness and poor responses)

Question 27

ICP and internal damage ss

Answer 27

Leaking of spinal fluid from nose and ears

Question 28

Concussion

Answer 28

Mild brain injury

Question 29

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 29

Chronic degenerative disease , small patches of demyelination resulting in muscle weakness with exacerbations and remission

Question 30

Ss of MS

Answer 30

Numbness, tingling, weak, loss of muscle tone, fatigue, vertigo, slurred speech and dysphasia

Question 31

Interventions for MS

Answer 31

Prevent complications, maintain independence, high calorie/vitamin/protein diet, avoid fatigue/cold/heat/infection and stress

Question 32

Parkinson's disease

Answer 32

Degenerative disease, causing destruction of nerve cells caused by deficiency of dopamine

Question 33

Ss of Parkinson's

Answer 33

Shuffling, tremors, pill rolling, slow speech, risk for falls , soft diet, rigidity, forward tilt

Question 34

Alzheimer's

Answer 34

Progressive Los of mental fictions . Interferes memory, ability to think and function

Question 35

Plaque

Answer 35

Protein deposits (beta amyloid) between neurons

Question 36

Tangles

Answer 36

(Tau) twisted fibers of protein within neuron | - forms in area of memory, learning and reason

Question 37

Interventions of Alzheimer's

Answer 37

Keep everything simple, don't confuse, set routine, maintain independence

Question 38

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 38

In face , affects 5th cranial nerve (sensory) - severe pain and is triggered by extreme hot and cold. Keep everything room temp - liquid and soft diet

Question 39

Bell's palsy

Answer 39

Facial paralysis affects 7th cranial nerve, usually one side of face muscles (motor) -pain, unable to close eye, smile, resided eyebrow

Question 40

Meningitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the meninges in brain and spinal cord | - isolation 24hr after antibiotics

Question 41

Ss of meningitis

Answer 41

Headache . Fever, stiff neck, petechiae, irritable

Question 42

Intervention of meningitis

Answer 42

Seizure precaution, anyipyretic, pain management, low loc, dim lights , turn q2hr

Question 43

Encephalitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of brain tissue - headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, confused, tremors - intervention: neuro checks, anti seizure, antipyretics and analgesics