Term 3 Flashcards
What does a tension headache involve ?
Muscles
What does a migrane headache involve ?
Blood vessels
What are patients with tension headache asked to do by the doctors ?
Keep a headache diary
Relaxation techniques
What is a spinal shock ?
Flaccid paralysis & lack of sensation
What is the cause of autonomic dysreflexia ?
Distended bladder
Bladder infection
Impactions
What are the key signs and symptoms of dysreflexia ?
Blurred vision Goose bumps Nasal stiffness Severe headache Severe hypertension
What is paraplegia ?
Paralysis of 2 or half the extremities /lower extremities
What is quadriplegia ?
Paralysis of all 4 extremities
What is the care for patients with halo/ tong traction ? (Skeletal traction )
Clean the pins with Benadine or hydrogen peroxide
- do not adjust
If a patient can move their head in a traction , what needs to be done ?
It needs to be adjusted
Neck and head should be held rigid
When a patient have cervical injury of the spine , what is their a risk for ?
Respiratory arrest
When a patient is having pain , that has a halo traction , what is done ?
Doc orders analgesic
Goes away within a couple day
Temporary
When a patient has cervical injury c1-c7 what are the concerns ?
Respiratory failure
Temporary support ventilator may be needed (breathing machine )
What kind of place do patients with migrane headache need to be in ?
A dark quite cool warm room
Be lefted alone
What do you what to do for a patient that has spinal injury , where in jury is suspected ?
- Immobilize the victim avoid turning -avoid turning the patient head
- wait for professional help
- avoid flexion or rotation of the spinal cord
What is the care for a seizure patient during seizure activity ?
- Turn the patient to the side
- stay with the patient
- side rails up if in bed
- Observe the patient/ how long it last
- pillow or blanket on head
What sound do you listen for when a patient is having a seizure ?
Crowing or gruggling noise
What is the post-ictal period ? (After care )
Incontinent No driving Confused Sleepy Don't know what happen
After seizure what position do you want to keep the patient incase of another seizure ?
Sitting or lying
What is a aura ?
A precursor for seizure activity Flashing light Taste (metallic ) Sounds Smell
When a patient has spinal injury , the higher it is, what do you need to watch for ?
Crackles in the lung
Difficulty breathing
What does crackles in the lung and difficulty breathing indicate for a patient with spinal injury ?
Increase peristalsis
What is receptive aphasia ?
- Difficulty understanding what’s being said to you
What is expressive aphasia ?
Not able to express themselves by reading or speaking
What is homonymous hemianopsia ?
Pieces of lost visual field
Pt is thought to scan the vision (turn head to get a full view )
If your feeding a patient with dysphasia (difficulty swallowing ) what position do you want them in ?
45 degree
What position should the patient be in with dysphasia after eating and for how long ?
45 degree angle
For 1hr to prevent aspiration
If a client has spinal cord injury & complains of severe headache maybe experiencing ?
Autonomic dysreflexia
What are the late signs of ICP ?
Elevated temp
Elevated b/p
Decrease pulse
Decrease respiration
Why is their a elevated temp with ICP ?
Because when ICP occur it’s pushes down on the hypothalamus & medulla oblongata
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Regular v/s
What does the hypothalamus do ?
Regular body temp
What is normal on the gaslow coma scale ?
15 normal
3 worst
What clients are at risk for ICP ?
Patient that had brain surgery
Brain tumor
High tempreature & headache
What are signs of meningitis & ensephalitis ?
Headache & high temp
What are signs of decrease LOC ?
Confused
Slurred speech
Restlessness
Not able to describe who they are , where they are , why you are where you are
What is epidural hematoma ? (Red)
- Arterial
- the talk and drop; person gets a head injury, loss of consciousness, recovers, seems with it entirely and then suddenly goes bad real fast
What can leakage of fluid from the nose or ear indicate ?
ICP & internal damage
What is multiple sclerosis ?
-A chronic, progressive disease of the brain and spinal cord
What is parkinson ?
Chronic degenerative
What are the key signs of Parkinson’s disease ?
Shuffling gate Tremors Pill rolling Muscle rigidity Lost of balance ( risk for falls
What trigger trigeminal neuralgia ? (Sensory )
Extremes of hot and cold
What kind of food do patients with trigeminal neuralgia should have ?
Room temp food & liquid room temp
What kind of water do the for facial and mouth was should the trigeminal patient use ?
Room temp
Luke warm room temp mouth wash
Toothets
Liquid diet or soft food
What is Bell’s palsy ? (Motor )
Resembles a stroke
Half of the face is droop
Client had dry eyes
What do you give a patient with Bell’s palsy for dry eyes ?
Artificial tears
Eye drop
When a patient has meningitis what kind of meds do given ?
Antibiotics
Where do patients with meningitis need to be placed ?
Isolation for 24hrs
What side do a patient with Bell’s palsy eat on ?
Chew on the unaffected side
What are some intervention for patients on Bell’s palsy ?
Dark glasses
Soft diet
Alternate communication
What is the cause of Parkinson’s disease ?
Insufficient dopamine
What is the first sign of Parkinson’s disease ?
Tremors (occur at rest )
How is Parkinson’s decreased ?
By purposeful movement
Holding on to something tight
What is Alzheimer’s disease ?
- Microscopic brain changes
- Start to loose pieces of the brain
What are plaques and tangles of Alzheimer’s disease ?
Proteins
Plaques - build up between neuron
Tangles - forms within neurons
What nerve does Bell’s palsy affect ? O
7th cranial nerve ( motor )
-loss of ability to move muscle on one side of the face
What nerve does trigeminal neuralgia affect ?
5th cranial nerve (sensory )
Cause disability or recurring attack on the nerve
How do patients with multiple sclerosis feel and what do they develop on their body ?
Small patches of demyelination
Result in muscle weakness
What kind of activities do patients with MS has to do ?
Activity with rest periods
Patients with multiple sclerosis has to avoid what ?
Extreme temp
How do patients with Parkinson’s disease walk ?
• patient has a bent position and walks in short, shuffling gait steps
What kind of nutrition you want to give to Alzheimer’s patient
High carbs & protein
What kind of food is best to give Alzheimer’s patient , because they often forget to eat ?
Give pt. finger foods which are foods that can be eaten holding them and some cases a half of sandwich.
What are other signs an symptoms of meningitis ?
High fever and stiff neck
• Patient may experience photophobia (light sensitivity).
• Petechiae on the skin and mucous membranes
• Nuchal rigidity (pain and stiffness when the neck is moved) is caused by spasm of the extensor muscles of the neck
What is Subdural hematoma ? venous (slow formation
can be just as bad, it’s very insipidus, creeps up on you, pts who have had suspected subdural hematomas or any type of head injuries, the pt teaching involves telling the family to make sure they don’t leave pt. alone to fall asleep,
