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A&P musculoskeletal term 3 > term 3 > Flashcards

term 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The largest bones of the arm and the leg are the:

A

Humerus/Femur

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2
Q

The nutrients that become part of the bone matrix are:

A

calcium and phophrous

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3
Q

The cells that produce bone matrix and those that reabsorb bone matrix are called:

A

osteoblasts/osteoclasts

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4
Q

Red bone marrow is found in the:

A

spongy bone in flat and irregular bones

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5
Q

Red bone marrow produces these cells:

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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6
Q

All of the following are irregular bones except:

A

metacarpals

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7
Q

The malleus, incus, and stapes are within the __ bone and concerned within __.

A

temporal / hearing

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8
Q

Sutures are the __joints of the __.

A

immovable /skull

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9
Q

The fontanels of a baby’s skull are made of:

A

fiborous connective tissue

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10
Q

The vitamin necessary for efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is:

A

vitamin D

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11
Q

An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the one between the:

A

femur and hip bone

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12
Q

For bones, the terms, “exercise” and “stress” mean:

A

bearing weight

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13
Q

These bones are all part of the axial skeleton except the:

A

hip bone

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14
Q

In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made of:

A

cartiladge

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15
Q

Which bone is not part of the braincase that protects the brain?

A

mandible

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16
Q

Which hormone increases the rate of mitosis in growing bones?

A

growth hormone

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17
Q

Which joint is not a freely movable joint?(Diarthrosis

A

symphsis

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18
Q

In the long bones of a child, the part of the bone that is actually growing is the:

A

epiphyseal disc

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19
Q

The hormones that regulate blood calcium level by regulating calcium intake or output from bones are:

A

calcitonin and parathyroid

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20
Q

The structure not directly involved in the functioning of a synovial joint is the:

A

marrow canal

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21
Q

The largest and strongest vertebrae are the:

A

lumbar

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22
Q

Which of the following bones do not protect an internal organ?

A

phalanges

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23
Q

The pituitary gland is directly protected by the:

A

sphenoid bone

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24
Q

The intervertebral discs are made of:

A

cartilage

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25
Q

Which statement is true of the tissues of the skeletal system?

A

Blood cells are produced by red bone marrow found in spongy bone

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26
Q

Which statement is true of hormones and bone growth?

A

Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones.

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27
Q

New bone matrix is produced by cells called __?

A

osteoblast

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28
Q

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium by the ____?

A

small intestine

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29
Q

The rib cage protects the ___?

A

heart and lung

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30
Q

Synovial Fliud ___ friction within the joint cavity?

A

decrease

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31
Q

The hinge joint between the femur and ___ permits movement in one plane at a time?

A

tibia

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32
Q

The only movable joint is the condyloid joint between the temporal bone and the ____?

A

mandible

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33
Q

The hip bone articulates with the __?

A

sacrum

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34
Q

The only weight-bearing bone in the lower leg is the ___?

A

tibia

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35
Q

During inhalation the ribs are___ & ___ to expand the lungs?

A

in and out

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36
Q

There are _ carpals in each wrist & __ phalanges in each hand?

A

8 &16

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37
Q

Which of the following statements are true of the axial skeleton?

A

The paranasal sinuses make the skill lighter in weight.
- The vertebral canal contains the meninges and spinal cord.

  • The rib cage protects the liver as well as the lungs from mechanical injury.
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38
Q

Which of the following are true of the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • the scapula and clavicle attach the arm to the axial skeleton.
  • The tibia and fibula are to the what the radius and ulna are to the arm.

-Both the humerus and femur have projections for muscuos

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39
Q

Which of the following statements are true of joints?

A
  • Gliding joints between carpals permit movement at the wrist.
  • The most movable type of joint is the ball-and-socket joint.

-Both the elbow and the knee are hinge joints.

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40
Q

The contracting proteins within a muscle fiber are:

A

myocin and actin

41
Q

When a muscle contracts, it:

A

shortens and pull bones

42
Q

Muscles are attached to bones by:

A

tendons

43
Q

Some oxygen may be stored within muscle fibers bonded to the protein?

A

myoglobin

44
Q

An antagonist to a muscle that flexes the arm would be a muscle that:

A

extends the arm

45
Q

The axon terminal of a motor neuron releases?

A

acetylcholine

46
Q

Acetylcholine makes the sacolemma more permiable to:

A

sodium ion

47
Q

The most abundant source of energy in a muscle fiber is:

A

glycogen

48
Q

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement is the:

A

cerebellum

49
Q

The neuromuscular junction refers to the:

A

axon terminal, synapse, and sarcolemma

50
Q

Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the:

A

cerebellum, and we are unaware of it

51
Q

The more movable attachment of a muscle of a muscle to a bone is called the:

A

inserton

52
Q

Good muscle tone is important to :

A

maintain posture and maintain body heat

53
Q

Muscle fatigue is the result of the lack of ___ and the production of __?

A

oxygen/lactic acid

54
Q

The specific part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:

A

frontal lobe

55
Q

During exercise, the blood flow within a muscle is increased by:

A

vasodilation

56
Q

The ligaments that connect bones are anchored the:

A

periosteum

57
Q

Epiphyseal Disc

A
  • Growth plate
58
Q

fascia

A

band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and seperates muscle

59
Q

Suture

A

immovable fibrous joints that connect the bones of the adult skull

60
Q

Pivot

A

Atlas & axis (neck)

61
Q

Ball & Socket exa.

A

Hip and shoulder

62
Q

Hinge Joint, example

A

elbow & knee

63
Q

Hemopoesis

A

RBC formation

64
Q

Synovial Joints:

A

Found where bones articulate with each other

65
Q

Why is stress needed?

A

to maintain calcium and phosphorus in the bones

66
Q

Location of Red Bone Marrow:

A

Spongy bone

67
Q

Osteoclasts:

A

bone reabsorption

68
Q

Osteocytes:

A

produce matrix (shaft)

69
Q

Osteoblasts:

A

produce bone cells

70
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A
  • framework
  • protection of internal organs
  • mineral storage(Ca, phosphorus)
  • movement
71
Q

Raises blood calcium level

A

PTH

72
Q

Lowers blood calcium level

A

calcitonin

73
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A
  • parathyroid gland
  • keeps calcium in the blood
  • Increases the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestines and kidneys
74
Q

Growth Hormone

A
  • Anterior Pituitary

- Increases protein synthesis and the rate of mitosis of chodrocytes in cartilage

75
Q

Thyroxine -T4

A

Thyroid Gland

  • regulate metabolism
  • Increases protein synthesis and energy production from all food types
76
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Thyroid Gland
  • keeps calcium in the bone
  • Decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones
77
Q

Protein

A

Becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix

78
Q

Ligaments

A

bone to bone

79
Q

tendons

A

muscle to bone

80
Q

The membrane that covers the rest of the bone is called the ___, and is made of ___?

A

periosteum / fibrous connective tissue

81
Q

The periosteum contains__ that enter the bone itself.

A

blood vessels

82
Q

The tissue that covers the joint surfaces of the bones is called:

A

articular cartilage

83
Q

Some oxygen is stored in muscles by the protein __?

A

myoglobin

84
Q

Osteocytes:

A
  • Regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix

- bone cells

85
Q

The product of cell respiration that is considered a waste product is:

A

Carbon dioxide

86
Q

Synergistic muscles are those that have the same:

A

function

87
Q

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, which are made of ___?

A

fibrous connective tissue

88
Q

The direct energy source for contraction is___?

A

ATP

89
Q

Some oxygen is stored in muscles by the protein __?

A

myoglobin

90
Q

Spongy Bone:

A

Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but these are not arranged in haversian systems
-often contains red bone marrow

91
Q

Flat Bones:

A
  • Pelvic bone, cranial bone, ribs
  • Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

-The spongy bone contains yellow bone marrow

92
Q

Irregular Bones:

A
  • Vertebrae, Facial bones
  • Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone
  • The spongy bone contains red bone marrow
93
Q

Long Bones:

A
  • Bones of the arms, legs, hands, and feet.
  • Each consists of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphysis made of spongy bone
  • The marrow canal contains yellow bone marrow
94
Q

Short Bone:

-

A

Wrist and ankle bones
- Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

  • The spongy bone contains yellow bone marrow
95
Q

What is lordosis ?

A

Curvature of the lumbar

96
Q

What is kyphosis ?

A

Curvature of the Thoriac

97
Q

What is scoliosis ?

A

Curvature of the Thoriac

Bilateral or unilateral

98
Q

What is acetabulum ?

A

The socket in the hip

A&P musculoskeletal term 3 (1 decks)

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