Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology year 10 (Term 3&4) > Term 3 > Flashcards

Term 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of an internal environment within a living organism despite. Internal or external changes to the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

Stimulus, regulator, effects, response/communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Some variables triggers a counteractive response, in order to come back to some set points.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Instead of getting a counteractive response to some variable, you’re instead intensify the variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Touch, Pressure, Stretching, Motion, Sandwaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nociceptor

A

Detects damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Homeostasis Maintained?

Hormonal homeostasis pathways….

A

… involve the endocrine system, can be slow, chemical messengers, travelling in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural Homeostasis Pathways

A

Involves the nervous system, is very rapid, Electric impulse, travelling along the nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Hormonal Control?

A

Hormones are chemical messages produced by an organism to regulate the activity of cells and organs.
Endocrine-Travel long distances through the body to target cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Endocrine System; in mammals

A

In mammals, hormonal are produced in the endocrine glands which are released directly into the blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

A

Endocrine and Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Hormones affect?

A

Hormones affects only certain tissue cell or organs called Target Organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Target Cells Must Have…. and why do they bind?

A

They must have protein receptors present on the cell membrane to allow the hormone to attach. Hormones must bind to the target cell to influence the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Flow of Information along Nervous System (3)

A
  1. Receptor detects a change in conditions (Stimulus)
  2. Receptor to the CNS by a sensory memory (message)
  3. CNS to an organ an (effector) carries out a response a motor Nevron carries the message.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does PNS mean?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Moto Nevron

A

Carry messages from the brain to allow us to move our muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Interneuron

A

Connect neuron to other neuron

22
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Sensory neuron receive information from sense organs. Send sensory information to our brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

What is Thermoregulation

A

Thermoregulation is maintenance of a constant internal temperature of an organism independent of the temperature of the environment.

24
Q

Thermoregulation-What happens when the temperature approaches 10 degrees

A

As the temperature approaches 10 degrees enzymes activity shows when it is below this temperature

25
Q

Thermoregulation- What happens when the temperature is above 45 degrees?

A

Above 45 degrees enzymes start to denature, stopping metabolic activity.

26
Q

Where does Ectotherms get their body heat

A

They get their body heat mainly from their environment and can tolerate a reasonably wide range of body temperatures.

27
Q

What are Endotherms?

A

They are animals that can maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment.

28
Q

Thermoregulatory Mechanisms:

  1. Physiological Mechanisms
    - Thermogenesis=
A

Is the production of heat within tissues to rise body temperatures.

29
Q

Thermoregulatory Mechanisms:
1. Physiological Mechanisms
Vasodilation=

A

Dilation of blood vessels in the skin

30
Q

Thermoregulatory Mechanisms:
1. Physiological Mechanisms
Vasoconstriction=

A

Construction of blood vessels in the skin

31
Q

Thermoregulatory Mechanisms:
1. Physiological Mechanisms
Evaporative heat loss

A

An arrangement of blood vessel in which heat flows from warmer to cooler blood usually reducing heat loss.

32
Q

Behavioural response:

kleptothermy

A

is any form of thermoregulation by which an animals steals the body heat of another animal

33
Q

Behavioural response:

Torpor:

A

Physical or mental inactivity in which the metabolic rate is lowered

34
Q

Behavioural response:

Hibernation

A

Is used to survive in winter

35
Q

Behavioural response:

Aestivation

A

Is used to survive summers

36
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism:

Thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate

37
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism:

Insulin

A

Insulins rule in the thermoregulation is to activate genes that control body temperatures

38
Q

Structure Features:

Brown adipose tissues

A

Specialised for rapid heat production. Transfer energy from food into heat.

39
Q

Structure Features:

Increased number of mitochondria per cell

A

Enable organism to generate heat by increasing the rate at which they metabolise fats and sugar.

40
Q

Structure Features:

Insulations

A

Traps warm air to insulate organism

e.g, features, blubber

41
Q

What is difference between an infectious and non-infectious disease?

A

Infectious disease can spread, non-infectious cannot

42
Q

What are the two types of parasites?

A

Endo and Ecto

43
Q

Give three examples of non-infectious diseases

A

diabetes, obesity, cancer

44
Q

Which lines of defence are classed as the innate immune system?

A

1st and 2nd

45
Q

What is the role of the first line of defence?

A

To provide physical and chemical Barries to prevent the entry of pathogens

46
Q

What two processes are involved in the second line of defence?

A

Inflammation and Phagocytosis

47
Q

Which line of defence do cilia and mucus membrances

A

1st line

48
Q

list the 4 virulence factors that aid in pathogenesis

A

Adherence factors, invasion factors, capsules and toxins

49
Q

Epidemics

A

A widespread occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time

50
Q

Pandemics

A

A disease that affects a whole country or the entire world (more to do with geographical spread of disease)

51
Q

Proportion of population that is immune or has been immuised herd immunity

A

Occurs when a large percentage of the populations is immunised against a disease to protect those people in a population who are especially vulnerable to infectious diseases

Biology year 10 (Term 3&4) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions