Term 2 Test Flashcards
biology (cells, heredity,etc)
Definition of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
the molecule that carries genetic info for the development and functioning of an organism
What does DNA look like
two linked strands that wind together into a twisted ladder(double helix)
What are the nitrogenous bases
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
- the building blocks of genetic info like DNA and RNA
What is nucleotide
organic molecules composed of a Nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate
What are amino acids
organic compounds containing amino,
What is protein
complex molecules that comprise 1 or more chains of amino acids
- important to the structure, function and regulation of the body
What is complementary?
a property shared between 2 DNA or RNA sequences when they are aligned
What is RNA(ribonucleic acid)?
a molecule that is essential for most biological functions
- a nucleic acid
- carries the instructions for making proteins
What is mitosis?
type of cell division used to make identical copies of cells.
- results in 2 identical daughter cells obtained from the original parent cell.
What are the 2 functions of mitosis?
- growth
- repair of damaged tissues
Mitosis process(6)
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase , Cytokinesis
6 steps for mitosis
Interphase: cell grows and replicates its DNA
Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase: chromosomes lines up, 2 identical ‘sister chromatin’
Anaphase: chromosomes break at centromeres, and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase: chromosomes are more diffused
Cytokinesis: separation of 2 daughter cells
Each daughter cell contains_____ pairs chromosomes? #
23 pairs of chromosomes
Humans have ___ total number of chromosomes
46 chromosomes
What is Meiosis?
cell division that produces 4 genetically different cells
- produces sex cells
