Term 2 Flashcards
What does Renaissance mean?
Rebirth
What period is the renaissance?
It is the period in european civilization following the Middle ages
When did the renaissance begin?
Between the 12th and 14th century
Where did it start and with what?
In Italy when an interest in classical learning and values started
Why did Europe start exploring?
- to find sea routes and trading partners
- to expland knowledge and control more
- to spread religion
- to find spices, silk , gold, medicines, fur, precious stones and metals
What discovery did the spice trade lead to?
New continents
Why was the spice trade protected ?
Because it brought a lit of wealth for those that controlled it
When did the spice trade begin and how was it run?
In the Middle Ages by camels on land routes only
What places did the silk road connect?
Asia with the Mediterranean world and North Africa and Europe
Which areas did the silk road help with growth?
China, india eygpt,persia, arabia and rome
Who controlled the spice trade in the first century BC?
The Roman Empire. They set up a powerful trading center in alexandria eygpt that controlled the spices that entered the Roman Empire
How did the practice of the work salary come about?
The roman soldiers were paid with salt
Who became the primary trade port for spices?
Venice for western and Northern Europe
Why was venice the main port?
Because of its location in the Mediterranean sea and the tiny islands around it
What were the popular spices?
Pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, gonger and cloves.
What was pepper used for?
To preserve meat
What was used as air freshener?
Cloves and cinnamon
What was nutmeg used for?
To improve the taste of bad tasting food
How did venice become wealthy?
The European people couldn’t go directly to Middle East without passing venice so venice charged
Higher prices
Why was it difficult for European merchants to travel overland to the east?
It was expensive with many taxes to pay
How was the spice trade transformed in the 25th century?
Navigation equipment improved and explores discovered new ways to reach places spices were grown
From where was the first explorer to circumnavigate Africa?
Portugal
Who and when was the first explorer to sail to india?
With how many vessels did he sail with?
Vasco da gama in 1497
With 4 vessels
What was the beginning of the Portuguese Empire?
Vasco da gamas sail to India
What caused fighting and conflict over the spice trade?
When the Spanish, English and Dutch started exploring
Where were most of the European explorers from?
Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and England
Why was sailing a better option?
They roads were bad and there was a lot of thieves
Why did investors usually sponsored trading voyages
Explorers could sail further than before to new places. They could import more goods and export more.
What was the name of the term that described the values of ideals of the renaissance?
Humanism
Name 3 inventions during renaissance.
Paper
Gunpowder
Magnetic compass
Name 2 changes which took place in Europe during the renaissance.
The printing press and books became available to read
Why was venice the primary port for trade?
Because it had a harbor
Why did Europeans have to find an alternate way to obtain spices?
Camels were used and they were slow
Name 3 famous explorers and their country of origin.
Vasco da gama-Portugal
France- Jacques Cartier
Italy- Christopher Columbus
From the late 1400’s which countries wanted to explore the rest of the world?
Spain
Britian
Portugal
Explorers wanted to look for….
Gold and spices
What is gunpowder
And explosive
What is gunpowder used for
To make bullets, cannons and fireworks
What is gunpowder used for nowadays?
To break up rocks and mountains to build roads
Who invented gunpowder
The Chinese
What is gunpowder made from
A mic of chemicals
What did the Europeans used gunpowder for
Cannons and weapons to protect their villages and fight in wars
Who invented the compass?
The Chinese
Where does the compass needle always point to
North
Who used the magnetic compass
Sailors on long journeys across the sea
Who was the first person to use the compass
A Chinese explorer called Zhen He
How did the compass help explorers
It helped them record accurate information and helped mapmakers make maps of lands and oceans
what did the Portuguese invent and when
The caravel in 1400
What was special about the caravel
It was faster because of it’s shape and it had sails
Who used the caravel
The Portuguese and the Spanish
What was the problem with the caravel
It was too small and light to transport heavy cargo loads
In the 1400 & 1500’s, what religion did most people in Europe follow?
Christianity
They were Roman Catholic
What other religions were there
Islam, judaism and African traditional religion
What are people who go to other countries to spread religion called
Missionaries
Who was St Francis Xavier and what was he also called
A Spanish catholic priest
Apostle of the Indies
Where did he convert a lot of people to christianity
In Goa India
Who were the first Europeans to find a different route to the east
The Portuguese
Who was the king of Portugal son and what was he called
Prince Henry ‘The Navigator ‘
What did he start in Portugal in 1419 AD
A sailing school and gave money for voyagers of exploration
What did he want from the other countries
Gold from Africa and spices from the islands in the Indian Ocean
Who and when was the first sailor to go from Portugal to India
Vasco da Gama on 8 July 1497
Where did Vasco da Gama stop on the way to India
St Helena Bay in 1497 and Limpopo River 1498
How long and how far was the journey
209 days and nearly 20 000km
When did he reach Calicut India
20 May 1498
Whatdid da Gama find as he sailed around Africa
That trade was takingbplace along Africa east coast by the Africa and arab traders
Why did the King send vasco da Gama on a second voyage
He want to take over trade in africa to make Portugal more powerful.the Arab traders were angry and wanted to kill him
In 1488 which places in Southern Africa did a group of Portuguese sailors land
Walvis Bay
Cape Town
Mossel Bay
algoa Bay
Who was the group leader
Explorer named Bartholomeu Dias
Where was the group of sailors going and why did they stop in South Africa
To find a new route to the east. The stopped in SA for fresh food and water
Who did they find when they landed at the Cape
The KhoiKhoi people who lived there
What happened when Dias found them
When Bartholomew Dias was getting water from a water hole, the local people defended their site by throwing stones. Dias fired a bolt and killed one khoikhoi
Who also used the Cape route to the East like the Portuguese
The Dutch
What was the name of the company called trading between the netherlands and the east
VOC or in English the Dutch East India Company
What did VOC trade in and where
They bought spices and silk in the East and sold it in Europe
Where was the halfway they stopped for food and water
South Africa
What was the relationship between the Dutch and the khoikhoi
The khoikhoi were trading with the European ships but the Dutch East India company decided to put theor own people to grow crops there. The khoikhoi were upset with them for stealing their land
How long did it take from Europe to the Cape
3 months
How was the journey
Difficult. Many sailors became sick and died. Some sailors drowned with the bad storms or ships sunk.
What is scurvy
A disease caused by lack of vitamin C. Gums and other parts of the body bleeds
Who was leonardo da Vinci?
An italian artist and scientist
He made sculptures and famous paintings. Ge learnt how the body works by studying and drawing dead bodies
How did da vinci help invent helicopters and aircraft
He drew pictures of flying machines
Who was galileo Galilei
An italian scientist and astronomer
What did he invent and find
He built the telescope and studied the stars. He found put the Milky Way consisted of stars and planets. He also noticed the moons around jupiter
Who invented the printing press
Johannes Gutenburg in1455
