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A&P FINAL TERM SECOND CARDS > TERM 2 > Flashcards

TERM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery, coming out of the right ventricle

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2
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity is called what?

A

Pleural infusion. Should have no more than 15ml (cc)

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3
Q

3

How do you cure pleural infusion

A

Thoracentesis

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4
Q

What are the functions of RBC?

A

Carries 02, bonded by hemoglobin and iron

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5
Q

What do visceral pleura cover?

A

The outer surface of each lung

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6
Q

What do parietal pleural cover?

A

Thoracic cavity

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7
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage?

A

its a firm , yet flexible tissue that prevents the collapse of the larynx

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8
Q

Where is cartilage located?

A

Tracheal, Thyroid , Epiglottis, Cricoid

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9
Q

Tracheal, Thyroid , Epiglottis, Cricoid

A

Too much accumulation of Co2

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10
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located?(they detect changes in blood gases and PH)

A

Aortic and Carotid bodies

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11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air involved in one normal inhalation and exhalation. The average volume is 500ml.

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12
Q

Where is the mediastinum located?

A

space between the lungs

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13
Q

She’s going to give a blood gas reading and is going to ask if you need to increase breathing or decrease breathing. Pt came in with metabolic acidosis, thats low PH. How do they compensate with thier breathing

A

Breathing is hyperventilating

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14
Q

Where do external respirations occur?

A

External environment and the body

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15
Q

What permits gas diffusion? What two organs do you need?

A

Alveoli and capillaries

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16
Q

Where do internal respiration occur?

A

Exchange gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue fluids (cells) of the body

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17
Q

What part of the bronchial tree opens up to the alveoli?

A

Bronchioles

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18
Q

One part of passage way that only permits air is called

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

The other two passage ways the permits air and food to pass are called?

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Why is there ciliated epithelium in the lining of the nasal mucosa

A

Block the entry of dust. And is always moving upward and out

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21
Q

Alveoli is always surrounded by what?

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a cough reflex?

A

Anything that’s not suppose to be there will be coughed up

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23
Q

What is an important regulator of respiration

A

Co2

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24
Q

What happens if you have too much hydrogen ions in your blood? What is your ph going to b

A

Acidosis

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25
Q

What prevents friction rub in your lungs

A

Surfactant serous fluid.

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26
Q

Surfactant basically covers what?

A

Alveoli from over expanding

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27
Q

What is Hering-Breuer inflation reflex?

A

Helps prevent over inflation of the lungs

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the nose

A

Air enters and leaves the respiratory system, bring in warm and moist air

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29
Q

If patient accidentally swallows something and it gets stuck in their bronchi? What side is bigger?

A

Right. So generally that would be the obstructive side

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30
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for rhythm and depth of respiration

A

Medulla and pon

31
Q

If nasopharnyx is irritated it can also cause?

A

ear irritation. It has two Eustachian tubes that extend to the middle ear cavities

32
Q

What is intercostal muscle?Where are they located?

A

Between the ribs. They attach to the ribs and help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity when breathing

33
Q

O2 is going to diffuse from external respirations?

A

O2 coming in

34
Q

What happens is a patient has hypoxia? What does the body do?

A

Breaths deeper

35
Q

What is left in the lungs after a pt forcefully exhales?

A

Residual air

36
Q

Where is red bone marrow normally drawn?

A

Flat bones. Illiac crest, sternum

37
Q

*Eosinophils

A

are activated during allergic reaction

38
Q

*Basophils

A

contain granules of heparin and histamin*

39
Q

contain granules of heparin and histamin*

A

are capable of phagocytosis(during a infection neutrophils are produced most rapidly)

40
Q

Granular leukocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

41
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

42
Q

What stem cell? Where is it located

A

produce blood cells mainly RBC. RBM

43
Q

What do you need fibrin for? What does it produce.

A

It produces clots. If you dont want to produce clot you block the fibrin

44
Q

Calcium is used for?

A

Blood clotting and bones

45
Q

Blood clotting and bones

A

4.5-6.0 million

46
Q

Hemoglobin(Hb,Hgb):

A

12-18 grams

47
Q

Hematocrit(Hct,Ht)

A

38%-48%

48
Q

WBC’s

A

5-10K

49
Q

Platelets

A

150,00-300,00

50
Q

Lymph fluid is going to be returned where?

A

it goes through the venus system first than subclavian veins

51
Q

How do your lymph nodes function

A

Skeletal muscles

52
Q

Where is B/P monitored

A

Left ventricle of the heart

53
Q

SA node is located?

A

In the right atrium of the heart and known as the pacemaker

54
Q

The spleen does what to old RBC’s?

A

Destroys them down to bilirubin and stores the iron from them

55
Q

A process called hypoxemia is going to cause the kidneys to produce what?

A

Erythropoietin

56
Q

When do you get a histamine response?

A

Allergic reaction

57
Q

During a cardiac cycle what happens?

A

S1- Lub is the atrium which contracts first

S2- Dub is the ventricles contracting second

58
Q

What are you hearing with a normal heart sounds

A

Closing of the valves

59
Q

What is Atrial Natriuretic Hormone(ANH or ANP), what does it do?

A
  • decreases the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, so the more sodium and water is excreted in urine. To help lower blood volume and B/P and also promotes vasodilation. Its produced in the left atrium.
  • Inhibits aldosterone secretion from the adrenal gland
60
Q

Epinephrine is going to do what to the b/p?

A

Increase the heart rate and give it a nice force

61
Q

Patient wants to know what B/P reading means. you as a nurse will tell them what?

A

It is taken from the left ventricle when the arteries are contracting

62
Q

Arteriolosclerosis

A

Is caused by old age

63
Q

Atherosclerosis?

A

clotting of the arteries caused by yellowish plaque

64
Q

Aldosterone

A
  • The primary mineralcorticoid and regulator of electrolyte concentration
  • Increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium by the kidneys. Maintains normal blood PH, blood volume, and blood pressure
65
Q

Cortisol

A

(Glucocorticoids) increases the use of fats and amino acids for energy. Decreases the use of glucose to conserve glucose for the brain. Also has a anti inflammatory effect. blocks the effects of histamine and stabilizes lysosomes to prevent excessive tissue damage.

66
Q

PTH

A

-increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood

67
Q

Calcitonin

A

Deceases reabsorption of calcium from bones and lowers blood calcium levels

68
Q

Epinephrine

A

Increases heart rate and force. Causes vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles.

69
Q

Melatonin

A

secreted by pineal gland during darkness to bring on sleep

70
Q

*Alpha cells

A

: produce glucagon

71
Q

Beta cells

A

: produce insulin

72
Q

Norepinephrine

A

stimulates vasoconstriction and raises blood pressure.

73
Q

Path of blood flow in heart

A

1) Right atrium
2) Tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve)
3) Right ventricle
4) Pulmonary Semilunar Valved
6) R/L Pulmonary ARTERIES
7) Lungs where gas exchange (O2 picked up/C02 dumped)
8) R/L Pulmonary VEINS
9) Left atrium
10) Bicuspid or Mitral valve (L atrioventricular)
11) Left ventricle
12) Aorta

A&P FINAL TERM SECOND CARDS (1 decks)

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