Term 2 Flashcards
What is the body’s storage form of fat in subcutaneous tissue ?
Adipose tissue
How arterioles in the dermis respond to heat and cold ?
Heat - vasodilate -increase blood flow
Cold - vasoconstrict - decrease blood flow
What substance are formed when UV rays strike the skin ?
Vitamin D & melanin gives pigment in the skin
List the layers of the skin and describe the anatomy & function of each ?
Epidermis- stratum corneum , prevent loss/ entry of water … Prevents entry of pathogen
Dermis- true skin , glands
Subqutaneous - connective tissues
Which layer of the skin are white blood cells found in ?
Subcutaneous tissue or know as the superficial fascia
What changes occur on the skin of the elderly ?
Less elasticity
Less moisture
Tkes longer to heal
Which gland of the skin are most important for temperature regulation ?
- Eccrine gland
- Most of the face , palms , sole
- During excersize in warm enviorment
What protein protects skin from the effects of UV RAYS
Melanin
In which layer of the skin does mitosis take place ?
Stranum germinatvum
What is the purpose of encapsulated nevrve ending in the dermis ?
Touch and pressure
What is the purpose of free nerve ending in the dermis ?
Pain , heat , cold & itch
What vitamin is produced in the skin ?
Vitamin D
What is the tough protein in the epidermis that thickens , waterproofs
& protects the skin
Keratin
What substance in the skin prevents drying of the eardrum?
Cerumen (ear wax)
What gives strength to the dermis ?
Collagen fibers - protein
What gland produces oily secretions that lubricate the skin?
Sebaceous gland - lipid substance sebum
Describe the purpose of the accessory structure of nails and hair ?
Hair - keeps dust and particles out
Filters
Nails - protect finger tips and toes from injury , and ability to pick up small objects
What cells increase Their secretion when stimulated by UV ray ?
Melanocytes
What is the term for a bluish discoloration of the skin ?
Cyanosis
Why is an elderly person more sensitive to cold temperature ?
Less subcutaneous fat
What type of dressing is most appropriate for a patient with a skin tear ?
Dry
Sterile
Transparent dressing
What should the nurses response be to a new petechia ?
Inform the RN or psychian
Could be tiny bleeding
Deffrenciate between the following types of infection : systemic
Affect the entire body
Localized
Confined to one area of the body
Secondary
Made possible by a primary infection
That lowers host resistance
Self limiting
Last a certain length of time
Septicemia
Bacteria Infection in the blood , always serious
Contagious
Communicable disease easily spread , from host to host by casual constant
What does the term virulence refer to?
The ability of a pathogen to cause a disease
eg: hep B
Describe the body’s first line of defense including physical and chemical barriers ?
Physical -skin
Chemical barrier - tears , coughing , sneezing
How are intestinal pathogens usually spread ?
Oral to fecal
Fecal to oral
How are respiratory pathogens usually spread ?
Droplet, airborne
Terminology :?toxins
Chemical products that are poisonous to host cell
Aerobic
Bacteria that grows only In the presence of oxygen
Spores
A dormant stage resistant to heat and drying
Flagella
- Tail , helps provide movement for cells
- Provides motility
What is an opportunistic pathogen
-A microorganism that is usually harmless ,but may become a pathogen in certain circumstances
-Affect people with weak immune system
Eg: people with AIDS
What two organs systems are most responsible for protecting the body from infection ?
Lymphatic and skin
Describe the stages of and infectious disease ?
- Incubation period -the time before symptoms appear
- Prodomal - short time , follows incubation , vague , non specific symptoms begin , (pt states , I’m coming down with something )
- Illness - specific symptoms appear , fever , rash , cough , diarrhea
- covalence -interval symptoms and of infection disappear
What is a carrier of and infection ?
Not an active infection but you carry it , you can infect someone else
What are the links in the chain of infection ?
-the infectious agent- the pathogen (disease causing microorganism )
-the resevior _ anminal or person (place where its growing )
-exit route _ blood ,urine , feces secretions
-the method of transmission _(most common HANDS) contaminated needle , food, air droplets
-portal of entry -mouth , break in skin , muscus membrane
susceptible host - another vulernable person
What is the best way of breaking the chain of infection ?
Hand washing and medical asepsis
Epidermis
- Structure - The outer layer of the skin , made of stratified squamous keratinization epithelium
- Function - consists of many layers of dead cells, barrier
Dermis
-true layer of the skin
Structure-the inner layer of the skin , made of modified fibrous connective tissue
Function -contain accessory structure of the skin , the receptors and sweat glands
Subcutaneous tissue
Structure- Made of aeolar connective and adipose tissue
Function -connects the dermis to muscle and stores fat
What is the stratum corneum?
Epidermal layer composed of dead cells , in this layer all that is lefted in protein
The stimulus for increase melanin
Ultra violet rays
Anaerobic
Bacteria that reproduce only in the absence of oxygen
