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A&P Quiz 1 > Term 2 > Flashcards

Term 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the body’s storage form of fat in subcutaneous tissue ?

A

Adipose tissue

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1
Q

How arterioles in the dermis respond to heat and cold ?

A

Heat - vasodilate -increase blood flow

Cold - vasoconstrict - decrease blood flow

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2
Q

What substance are formed when UV rays strike the skin ?

A

Vitamin D & melanin gives pigment in the skin

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3
Q

List the layers of the skin and describe the anatomy & function of each ?

A

Epidermis- stratum corneum , prevent loss/ entry of water … Prevents entry of pathogen
Dermis- true skin , glands
Subqutaneous - connective tissues

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4
Q

Which layer of the skin are white blood cells found in ?

A

Subcutaneous tissue or know as the superficial fascia

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5
Q

What changes occur on the skin of the elderly ?

A

Less elasticity
Less moisture
Tkes longer to heal

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6
Q

Which gland of the skin are most important for temperature regulation ?

A
  • Eccrine gland
  • Most of the face , palms , sole
  • During excersize in warm enviorment
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7
Q

What protein protects skin from the effects of UV RAYS

A

Melanin

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8
Q

In which layer of the skin does mitosis take place ?

A

Stranum germinatvum

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9
Q

What is the purpose of encapsulated nevrve ending in the dermis ?

A

Touch and pressure

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10
Q

What is the purpose of free nerve ending in the dermis ?

A

Pain , heat , cold & itch

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11
Q

What vitamin is produced in the skin ?

A

Vitamin D

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12
Q

What is the tough protein in the epidermis that thickens , waterproofs
& protects the skin

A

Keratin

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13
Q

What substance in the skin prevents drying of the eardrum?

A

Cerumen (ear wax)

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14
Q

What gives strength to the dermis ?

A

Collagen fibers - protein

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15
Q

What gland produces oily secretions that lubricate the skin?

A

Sebaceous gland - lipid substance sebum

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16
Q

Describe the purpose of the accessory structure of nails and hair ?

A

Hair - keeps dust and particles out
Filters
Nails - protect finger tips and toes from injury , and ability to pick up small objects

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17
Q

What cells increase Their secretion when stimulated by UV ray ?

A

Melanocytes

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18
Q

What is the term for a bluish discoloration of the skin ?

A

Cyanosis

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19
Q

Why is an elderly person more sensitive to cold temperature ?

A

Less subcutaneous fat

20
Q

What type of dressing is most appropriate for a patient with a skin tear ?

A

Dry
Sterile
Transparent dressing

21
Q

What should the nurses response be to a new petechia ?

A

Inform the RN or psychian

Could be tiny bleeding

22
Q

Deffrenciate between the following types of infection : systemic

A

Affect the entire body

23
Q

Localized

A

Confined to one area of the body

24
Q

Secondary

A

Made possible by a primary infection

That lowers host resistance

25
Q

Self limiting

A

Last a certain length of time

26
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacteria Infection in the blood , always serious

27
Q

Contagious

A

Communicable disease easily spread , from host to host by casual constant

28
Q

What does the term virulence refer to?

A

The ability of a pathogen to cause a disease

eg: hep B

29
Q

Describe the body’s first line of defense including physical and chemical barriers ?

A

Physical -skin

Chemical barrier - tears , coughing , sneezing

30
Q

How are intestinal pathogens usually spread ?

A

Oral to fecal

Fecal to oral

31
Q

How are respiratory pathogens usually spread ?

A

Droplet, airborne

32
Q

Terminology :?toxins

A

Chemical products that are poisonous to host cell

33
Q

Aerobic

A

Bacteria that grows only In the presence of oxygen

34
Q

Spores

A

A dormant stage resistant to heat and drying

35
Q

Flagella

A
  • Tail , helps provide movement for cells

- Provides motility

36
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen

A

-A microorganism that is usually harmless ,but may become a pathogen in certain circumstances
-Affect people with weak immune system
Eg: people with AIDS

37
Q

What two organs systems are most responsible for protecting the body from infection ?

A

Lymphatic and skin

38
Q

Describe the stages of and infectious disease ?

A
  • Incubation period -the time before symptoms appear
  • Prodomal - short time , follows incubation , vague , non specific symptoms begin , (pt states , I’m coming down with something )
  • Illness - specific symptoms appear , fever , rash , cough , diarrhea
  • covalence -interval symptoms and of infection disappear
39
Q

What is a carrier of and infection ?

A

Not an active infection but you carry it , you can infect someone else

40
Q

What are the links in the chain of infection ?

A

-the infectious agent- the pathogen (disease causing microorganism )
-the resevior _ anminal or person (place where its growing )
-exit route _ blood ,urine , feces secretions
-the method of transmission _(most common HANDS) contaminated needle , food, air droplets
-portal of entry -mouth , break in skin , muscus membrane
susceptible host - another vulernable person

41
Q

What is the best way of breaking the chain of infection ?

A

Hand washing and medical asepsis

42
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Structure - The outer layer of the skin , made of stratified squamous keratinization epithelium
  • Function - consists of many layers of dead cells, barrier
43
Q

Dermis

A

-true layer of the skin
Structure-the inner layer of the skin , made of modified fibrous connective tissue

Function -contain accessory structure of the skin , the receptors and sweat glands

44
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Structure- Made of aeolar connective and adipose tissue

Function -connects the dermis to muscle and stores fat

45
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Epidermal layer composed of dead cells , in this layer all that is lefted in protein

46
Q

The stimulus for increase melanin

A

Ultra violet rays

47
Q

Anaerobic

A

Bacteria that reproduce only in the absence of oxygen

A&P Quiz 1 (1 decks)

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