Term 1 Test Flashcards
What is digestion?
Is the breakdown of food into smaller particles to give the body its nutrients
What are the 3 main sites digestion occurs?
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum)
What is mastication and where does this occur?
Tearing and chewing of food into small pieces
Why is saliva important in the digestive process?
It moists the food to help the food move into the stomach
It contains enzymes that help digest starches in your food
What is peristalsis and where does it occur?
Muscles in digestive tract contract and mixes the food in the stomach
Explain a role of hydrochloride acid in the stomach
Kills bacteria
Activates pepsin so protein can begin breaking down
What organ produces bile?
Liver
What is the role of bile?
Breaks down fat
Emulsifies fats into smaller globules
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder
What is the final product of protein?
Amino acids
The pancreas secretes what enzyme?
Amylase
The final product of Carbohydrates is
Glucose
What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipase
How many kilojoules per gram in carbs, protein and lipids?
Carbs - 16.7
Protein - 16.7
Lipids - 37.7
Explain micronutrients
Vitamins & minerals
Need only in small amounts
Explain macronutrients
Provide energy
Find in carbs, proteins and lipids (fats)
Need in larger quantities
What is the BMI formula?
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
What is soluble fibre?
Slows digestion
maximises nutrient absorption and provides satiety
e.g nuts seeds and beans
Insoluble fibre?
provides bulk to stools for ease of digestion - prevents constipation
e.g whole grains, vegetables, potatoes
LDL
Saturated fats - high blood pressure which clogs up arteries leading to heart attack and stroke which is called atherosclerosis
HDL
unsaturated fats - reduced LDL cholesterol in arteries
What enzyme breaks down fats
lipase
what are essential fatty acids?
must be consumed body does not synthesis them
3 function of lipids
provide energy, satiety, protect + cushion vital organs
name the monosaccharides
GGF (glucose, galactose, fructose)
name the disaccharides
SLM (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
name the polysaccarides
Starch, cellulose
Functions of protein
energy
helps grow and maintain muscles body tissues and cells
synthesis muscle contraction and relaxation
protein is made from amino acids how many are non/essential
humans need 20 amino acids 9 are essential (must be consumes) 11 are non essential (created by body)
Functions of water
lubricate + cushion joints
regulate body temp
lubricated digestive tract
what is chemical digestion
usage of enzymes and acids to break down carbs, proteins and lipids into smaller molecules
what is mechanical digestion
is the physical breakdown of food such as teeth tearing and chewing (mastication)
what does the duodenom connect
the small intestine and stomach
functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
removes bacteria
helps break down proteins and food in stomach
activated pepsinogen
where does most chemical digestion occur
duodenom and small intestine
explain the chemical digestion of protein
trypsin breaks down protein into amino acids
explain the chemical digestion of carbs
pancreatic amylase breaks down the saccharides into glucose
explain the chemical digestion of lipids
bile emulsifies fats break down into small globules so the enzyme lipase can digest fats into fatty acids
define the term complementary proteins
plant-based foods don’t contain all 9 essential amino acids. so must be eaten in combination with other plant foods such as wholegrain break with baked beans
