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Child Development > Term 1 Test > Flashcards

Term 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina, endometrium

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2
Q

Ovary

A

Two glands on either side of the uterus that release female sex hormones, estrogen and pogesteron and ova (eggs)

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3
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

The two tubes that link the ovaries and uterus

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4
Q

Uterus

A

The hollow muscular organ that holds and nourishes the fetus

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5
Q

Endometrium

A

The thick soft lining that grows on the inside of the uterus each month

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6
Q

Cervix

A

The lower part of the uterus that has a small opening to the vagina

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7
Q

Endometrium

A

The thick soft lining that grows on the inside of the uterus each month.

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8
Q

Vagina

A

The passageway of muscles that joins the uterus to the outside of the body

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9
Q

Organs in the male reproductive system

A

foreskin, penis, urethra, scrotum, seminal vesicles,

prostate gland, testicles, bladder, vas deferens

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10
Q

Foreskin

A

The skin around the head of an uncircumcised penis

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11
Q

penis

A

A tube like sex organ of males that hags outside of the body

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12
Q

urethra

A

a tube that at different times carries urine and semen out of the body

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13
Q

scrotum

A

sac of skin that holds the testicles just underneath the penis

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14
Q

testicles

A

two oval shaped organs contained in the scrotum, whcih produce the male hormone, twstosterone, and sperm

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15
Q

vas deferens

A

The thin long tubes through which sperm travel from the testicles and where sperm are mixed with other fluid to make semen.

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16
Q

bladder

A

a sac inside the abdomen that holds urine

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17
Q

seminal vesticles

A

Two glands on either side of bladder that secretes seminal fluid.

18
Q

prostate gland

A

A gland near the bladder that adds fluid to semen

19
Q

The menstrual cycle

A

A woman’s menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days long (varies). Purpose of the cycle is to produce an egg or ovum and to prepare the uterus to receive this ovum if it is fertilised.
Ovulation occurs half way through the cycle when the zygote (fertilised ovum) begins to move from the ovary to the fallopian tube.
If fertilisation does not occur, this lining breaks down and is removed during menstruation.

20
Q

Sperm Production

A

Sperm production in males takes place in the testes. During intercourse, millions of sperm are released through the penis in a thick milky substance called semen.
They propel themselves with their tail and can live for 48 hours inside a female.
It takes one sperm to fertilise an ovum.

21
Q

Assisted Conception

A

Couples who have problems conceiving can be assisted by medical means.
There are no guarantees and each method has varying rates of success.
- Invitro Fertilisation (IVF)
- Intrauterine Insemination
- Donor Assisted Conception
- Surrogacy

22
Q

Intrauterine Insemination

A

This process occurs if there is a problem with the sperm and the egg meeting. It can involve using donor sperm or the father’s sperm.

A drug may be used to ensure two or three eggs are produced by the woman.
A sperm sample is provided.
Sperm is inserted into the woman’s uterus. Fertilization occurs in the normal uterine environment.

23
Q

Invitro Fertilisation (IVF)

A

This process is used when couples have problems conceiving due to a low sperm count, tubal damage in the female or unexplained infertility issues.

24
Q

Donor Assisted Conception

A

Couples who need assistance with conception can also use donor eggs, sperm and embryos. There could be issues with the male or female in conceiving and eggs and sperm can be used to assist conception.

25
Q

Surrogacy

A

Some reasons a surrogacy arrangement may be considered could be:

  • A woman is unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy
  • A woman has a health condition that makes pregnancy dangerous
  • Same-sex couple
  • A woman has frozen embryos and is unable to carry a pregnancy.

Issues with surrogacy include monetary costs, emotional costs, physical costs and ethical issues.

The child may be biologically the couples or may involve the use of donor egg, donor sperm, donor embryos or combination of these.

26
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy

A
  • Missed period
  • Morning sickness
  • Urinate more
  • Breast soreness or tenderness
  • Fatigue (first 3 months)
27
Q

Testing for Pregnancy

A
  • Pregnancy kit
  • Urine test
  • Blood test
  • Pelvic examination
28
Q

Physical changes when going through pregnancy

A
  • Weight Gain
  • Changes in the blood
  • Changes in the heart and lungs
  • Changes in the kidney and urinary system
  • Changes in the stomach and bowels
  • Changes in the mouth
  • Changes in the bones and joints
  • Changes in skin, hair and nails
  • Changes in breasts
29
Q

Ante-Natal Care

A
  • Everyday chores – cut back on workload and no heavy lifting.
  • Exercise and rest – pelvic floor strengthening helpful for birth
    - suitable back exercises
    - rest and relaxation.
  • Diet – eat a nutritious and well balanced diet.
  • Ante-natal classes – provides information and advice for both parents.
  • Medical check-ups – these ensure the baby is growing at a normal rate and
    mother is remaining healthy.
30
Q

Smoking

A
  • Harmful chemical substances in cigarettes (nicotine and carbon monoxide)
    pass through the placenta to the baby, damaging developing tissue.
  • Increases the chance of a miscarriage or stillbirths.
  • Smaller than average baby.
  • Mother has a greater chance of early birth and often more complications.
  • Greater chance of chest infections e.g. bronchitis and pneumonia.
  • Greater chance of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), if a parent is a
    smoker or the baby reared in a smoking environment.
  • Changes to the mother’s metabolism, reducing the amounts of some
    nutrients such as calcium and vitamin C and B.
31
Q

Drugs

A
  • Baby becomes addicted.
  • Low birth weight.
  • Serious deformities.
32
Q

Alcohol

A

Alcohol

  • Can interfere with the growth and development of the embryo.
  • Suffer the effects of foetal alcohol syndrome.
  • Lower birth weight
33
Q

X-Rays

A

It is vital that both parents avoid x-rays for about 4 months prior to conception, as the effects of radiation build up in the body and therefore is capable of being transferred to the embryo and causing serious birth defects.

34
Q

Rubella

A
  • Rubella is a viral illness that causes a skin rash and joint pain. Rubella is sometimes called German measles.
  • Dangerous if contracted in the first 4 months
  • Damages vital organs
  • Causes deafness, sight, heart defects and brain damage.
  • Can cause death in the foetus.
  • It is advisable for all women planning pregnancy to be vaccinated at least 4 months before they cease using contraception.
35
Q

Foods and Listeria

A
  • Listeria infection is a rare, flu-like illness caused by eating food that contains Listeria bacteria.
  • Foods such as soft cheeses, pate, partially manufactured meats (ham, polony etc), self service or packed salads, cold, smoked and raw seafood, soft serve icecreams.
  • Danger of miscarriage, stillbirth, severe illness or premature birth.
36
Q

Caffeine

A
  • Found in tea, coffee and energy drinks.
  • Acts as a stimulant to baby and mother.
  • Can influence the nutrients being absorbed by the baby.
37
Q

Foetus support system

A

Uterus wall, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, amnion (amniotic sac

38
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Linked from foetus to placenta. Supplies foetus with oxygenated blood from placenta. De - oxygenated blood umbilical arteries take back. Full term - 50cm

39
Q

Uterus wall

A

Made up of muscle. Muscle tissue expands as the embryo grows.

40
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

Fuid surrounding the foetus suspended with the amnion

41
Q

Amnion (amniotic sac)

A

A tough membrane forming a closed sac surrounding the foetus, containing amniotic fluid

42
Q

Placenta

A

Attarches foetus to uterus. Blood flows betwen mother and foetus through placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to foetus and carrying away foetal waste products.

Child Development (1 decks)

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