Term 1 Test Flashcards
How many types of shipping cycles are there and what are they called?
3
Seasonal cycles
Short cycles
Long cycles
What container port is the busiest in the world (2020)?
Shanghai, China
Which port is the busiest container port in Europe?
Rotterdam, Netherlands
What are the 4 shipping markets?
The freight market
The newbuilding market
The demolition market
The sale and purchase market
What does PESTLE stand for?
Political, economic, social, technology, legaland environment
What is bareboat chartering?
In bareboat chartering the ship is chartered without crew or provisions, the charterer is responsible for all such matters. (Appointed and directed by charter)
What is time charter?
A time bound arrangement, the charter is free to sail to any port and transport any cargo within the fixed period of time (appointed by the owner, dircted by the charter for cargo)
What is voyage charter?
The hiring of a crew and vessel for a voyage between a load port and a discharge port. (Appointed and directed by the owner)
What is a contract of affreightment?
An agreement between shipowner and charterer for the carriage of a certain amount and type of goods between agreed ports over a given period of time.
A contract of affreightment is not limited to s particular ship, but instead operates as a series of voyage charters (therefore, freight is payable on the quantity of cargo transported)
What are dry ports?
They are directly connected to seaports by rail, where customers can leave/pick up their units as if directly to a seaport
What are the benefits of dry ports?
They can improve the movement of imports and exports, moving the time-consuming sorting and processing of containers inland, away from congested seaports.
What forms of transport release least and most emission?
Least - very large container vessel
Most - air freight
What does the NSR stand for in shipping?
Northern Sea Route
What does SCR stand for in shipping?
Suez Canal Route
How many tunnels connect the UK to the mainland?
3
How many percentage of UK’s cargo are handled by ports?
95%
What cargo is not commonly handled by the port of Plymouth?
Container and coal
How long did it take to build the Panama Canal?
35
How many times has the Panama Canal been closed?
1 - when the US military forces launched an assault on the country to depose its leader
How much revenue does the Panama Canal generate per year approx?
$3.4 billion
Who runs the Panama Canal?
The Panama Canal Authority
When did the Panama Canal open?
1914
When did the Suez Canal open?
1869
How long is the Suez Canal?
120 miles
How long is the Panama Canal?
50 miles
Annual revenue of Suez Canal approx?
5.5-6 billion dollars
What is the Three Gorges Dam?
A 2,335 metre hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, China. It has a vertical-hoisting «elevator» that can lift vessels up or down 379 feet (113 meters) to pass the dam.
How much weight can the elevator in the Three Gorges Dam lift?
Cruises carrying a weight of up to 3000 tonnes
How much time does the elevator in the Three Gorges Dam save a ship from going around?
From 4 hours going around, to 40 minutes
What was the name of the large Suezmax tanker that wrecked outside Cornwall?
Torrey Canyon
When did the Torrey Canyon sink?
18 march 1967 - 30 march 1967
Which areas was affected by the oil spill from Torrey Canyon?
SW England, France and Channel Islands
What spilled into the sea from the Torrey Canyon wreck?
119,000 tons of crude oil
Name some of the methods used to clean oil spills and protect coastal environments
Oil booms - popular, fairly effective but must be used quickly
Skimmers - machines used to scoop oil on the waters surface
Sorbents - substances which can absorb oil and be easily scooped up
Manual process - the use of handheld tools to clear contamonants
Dispersants - used to accelerate the natural breakdown of oil
Bioremediation - the use of microbes to clean up contamonated water
Burning in-situ - can be effective, but not always suitable
Name the major dry bulk cargo
Iron ore Coal Grain Bauxite Phosphate
Name the minor dry bulk cargo
Steel & forest products Agribulks Sugar Fertilizers Metals & minerals
Which continent imports the most coal, iron ore and grains?
Asia, in 2012 they had 73% of the worlds import
How many dwt is a handysize?
20,000 - 40,000 dwt