Term 1 (science) Flashcards
Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis
(give definition)
The process by which plants make their own food.
Photosynthesis:
Where does photosynthesis mainly take place and why
In leaves - because leaves cotain chlorophyll
Photosynthesis:
What does chorophyll do
Makes plants green and absorbs suns energy
Photosynthesis:
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place
Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight
Photosynthesis:
Where are the substances taken in through
(substances = water, carbon dioxide, sunlight)
Roots
Photosynthesis:
What is the plant’s foods called
Glucose
Photosynthesis:
Glucose
-is what
Type of sugar that provides plants with all the energy they need
Photosynthesis:
How do plants breath, what do they breath in
(is this the same to humans/animals)
They breath through cells called stomata - Take in carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis:
What do they breath out - is this the same to humans/animals
Breath out oxygen for humans/animals
Photosynthesis:
What do plants store their excess glucose as and where
Starch - fruit, leaves, roots, stems or seeds
Photosynthesis:
Iodine
-is what
Used to test for starch. Special chemical that changes colour when in contact with starch.
Photosynthesis:
Oxygen - coming from - going
Leaf - into air
Photosynthesis:
Sunlight - coming from - going
Sun - into leaf (chlorophyll)
Photosynthesis:
Sugar - coming from - going
Leaf - throughout plant
Photosynthesis:
Starch - coming from - going
Roots, fruit, seeds - to roots to stem to leaves
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide - coming from - going
Outside of plant - into leaf
Nutrients in foods:
Nutrients
(definition)
Special substance found in foods
Nutrients in foods:
Is needed in body - why
Important parts of food that keep the body healthy and provide it with energy
Nutrients in foods:
What contains nutrients
Everything eaten
Nutrients in foods:
How are foods grouped
According to their functions in the body and the main nutrients they supply
Nutrients in foods:
4 main food groups
Carbohydrates, protein, fats & oils, vitamins & minerals
Food groups:
Carbohydrates gives us what
Gives us energy for growth and movement, keeps body warm
Food groups:
Main 2 types of carbohydrates
Sugar and starch
Food groups:
How much of our food contains carbohydrates
80%
Food groups:
Sugar - found in…
In fruits or products such as jam/cooldrinks
Food groups:
Sugar - gives us…
Gives our bodies quick energy - doesn’t have important nutrients.
Food groups:
Starch - found in..
In bread, pasta & potatoes
Food groups:
Starch - gives us.. & how
Releases energy into bodies slowly so it lasts longer
Food groups:
Most common carbohydrate in our diets
Starch
Food groups:
Protein helps with
Helps body grow+repair itself and helps immune system fight infections
Food groups:
Protein - makes up part of…
The red blood cells
… - mainly made of proteins
Muscles & organs
Food groups:
Protein makes up many parts of our body such as …
Bone, hair, skin, nails
Food groups:
Red blood cells
-do what
Carry oxygen around body. They travel from lungs delivering oxygen to all diffent parts of body
Food groups:
Immune system
-does what
Protects body from germs/bacteria. If you do sick it fights the infection
Food groups:
It is important to get protein from a variety of foods - why
It repair any damaged tissue and helps muscles/organs grow
Food groups:
Protein must be eaten in correct proportions - why
If too much is eaten, the body will store it as fat
Food groups:
Fats and oils
-does what
Foods for storing energy, insulation, protection
Food groups:
Fats & oils - gives how much energy
More than any other food type
Food groups:
Body fat
-does/is what
Forms protective layers inside body, keeping body warm - protects organs/nerves
Food groups:
Oils
-is what - provides what
Liquid fats made from plants/fish. Provides important nutrients
Food groups:
Healthy oils + fats
-are what
Made of plants+fish. Much healthier cause they provide more nutrients
Food groups:
What are examples of healthy Oils & fats
Avo / sardines
Food groups:
Unhealthy fat
-called what
Saturated fats
Food groups:
Unhealthy fats (&oils)
-are/do what
Mainly from animal products. Raises cholesterol levels in the blood
Examples of saturated fats
Too much butter/ red meat
Food groups:
Vitamins + minerals
-foods for …
For building bones, teeth, mantaining immune system, good eyesight
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin A
-function
Helps see at night, helps fight body infections
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin B
-function
Makes energy, proteins + red blood cells
(and many other functions)
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin C
-function
Helps fight infections
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin D
-function
Helps make stong bones
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin E
-function
Protects the skin
Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitatmin K
-function
Helps stop bleeding
Food groups: (important minerals)
Culcium
-function
Makes teeth/bones strong
Food groups: (important minerals)
Iron
-function
Helps make red blood cells
Food groups: (important minerals)
Zinc
-function
Helps you grow
Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium
-is/does what
Makes sure the amount of blood + blood pressure stays the same, makes sure that every part of body has enough water
Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium - keeps what working
Keeps muscles + nerves working properly
Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium rich foods:
Bacon, anchovies, beetroot
Food groups: (essential minerals)
Potassium - responsible for
Taking care of cells, makes sure correct amount of water + minerals go into each cell
Food groups: (essential minerals)
How does potassium help our muscles
Helps make muscles contract so we can move our bodies
Food groups: (essential minerals)
Potassium rich foods:
Bananas, avo, guava
Balanced diets:
Diet
-definition
Selection of different foods that a person/animal eats everyday.
Balanced diets:
In order to have a healthy diet it is important to eat …
-carrry on sentence
The right amount of food from each food group
Balanced diets:
Grains
(how many servings per day)
6-10 servings /day
(/day = per day)
Balanced diets:
Dairy
(how many servings per day)
2 servings per day
Balanced diets:
Fats & oils
(how many servings per day)
15-20g per day
Balanced diets:
Proteins
(how many servings per day)
2 servings per day
Balanced diets:
Vegtables & fruit
(how many servings per day)
5-6 servings /day
(/day = per day)
How fibre benefits the body:
How does fibre benefits the body
Constipation, diabetes, heart problems
How fibre benefits the body:
Constipation
(how fibre helps it)
Keeps water in digestive system so food can pass through easily
How fibre benefits the body:
Diabetes
(how fibre helps it)
Slows down how quickly sugar is absorbed into body
How fibre benefits the body:
Heart problems
(how fibre helps it)
Helps to lower blood pressure & cholesterol
Diseases: Rickets
Rickets - affects what
Affects kid’s bones, causes them to become soft
Diseases: Rickets
What is wrong with bones becoming soft
They don’t work properly
Diseases: Rickets
Cause
-of rickets
Lack of vitamin D
Diseases: Rickets
Prevention
-of rickets (give example of food as well)
Eat more foods containing vitamin D e.g eggs/fish
Diseases: Rickets
How do pores look if you have rickets
Big pores far away
(supposed to have dots close together)
Diseases: Obesity
Obesity
-is what
When a person is severly over weight
Diseases: Obesity
Cause
-of obesity
Lack of exercise + unhealthy diet
Diseases: Obesity
Prevention
-of obesity
Eat healthy diet +exercise regulary/daily
Diseases: Tooth decay
Tooth decay
-is what
Disease occurring in teeth. Causes holes in the teeth.
Diseases: Tooth decay
What are the holes in teeth called and what could happen if not treated
Cavities, if not treated, could cause an infection in mouth
Diseases: Tooth decay
Cause
Eating too much sugar in diet, not cleaning teeth regulary
Diseases: Tooth decay
Prevention
Eat healthy + clean teeth daily
Diseases: Constipation
Constipation
-is what
Unable to go to toilet as often as you should to clear out your digestive system
Diseases: Constipation
Cause
Diet contains little fibre
Diseases: Constipation
Prevention
(give examples of food as well)
Diet high in fibre, e.g. fruit/grains/veg.
Diseases: Diabetes
Occurs when …
-complete sentence
When body is no longer able to keep the sugar levels in the blood under contol
Disease: Diabetes
More than 1 type?
Yes/no - if yes say how many
Yes, 2 types
Disease: Diabetes
What happens to body once you have diabetes
Body either becomes resitant to or doesn’t produce insulin
Disease: Diabetes
Insulin
-is what
Responsible for taking the glucose in the blood + using it for energy
Disease: Diabetes
Cause (type 1)
Genetics/inherited or virus
Disease: Diabetes
Cause (type 2)
Unhealthy diet or lack of exercise could trigger body into becoming resistant to insulin /no longer produces enough of it
Disease: Diabetes
Prevention (type 2)
Healthy diet / exercise
- if that doesn’t help - insulin is required
Disease: Diabetes
Prevention (type 1)
Have to take insulin injections/tablets
Disease: Malnutrition
Occurs when …
-complete sentence
When body has not enough nutrients
Disease: Malnutrition
How will someone look with Malnutrition
Very skinny with bloated stomach
Disease: Malnutrition
Severe type
-called what
Kwashiorkor
Disease: Malnutrition
Cause
Unhealthy diet with not enough nutrients
Disease: Malnutrition
Prevention
Healthy diet with plenty nutrients
Ecosystem
Defined as the relation between the biotic and abiotic components
( of the enviroment )
Habitat
Defined as the natural enviroment in which a certain animals live.
Abiotic
( e.g )
NON-LIVING - soil, wind, air, sunlight, water & temperature
(etc.)
Biotic
( e.g )
LIVING - bacteria, plants, animals & humans
(etc.)
Types of ecosystems
Tundra, mountain, forest, savanna, desert, ocean, rocky shore, wetland, river & pond
Ecosystems:
Grassland - amount of light
Plenty of sunlight
Ecosystems:
Grassland - amount of water
Enough to grow grass and shrubs
Ecosystems:
Grassland - temperature
- Hot in summer
- Cold in winter
Ecosystems:
Grassland - animals
Zebras, giraffes, lions, hyenas … etc.
Ecosystems:
Grassland - plants
Grasses and small bushes and shrubs
Ecosystems:
Grassland - threats
Poaching, fires, clearing for houses
Ecosystems:
Grassland - description
Large, open, grassy spaces
Ecosystems:
Forest - description
Shady and cool
Lush and green
Ecosystems:
forest - amount of light
Shady with little bright sunlight
Ecosystems:
Forest - amount of water
Plenty of water, can be damp
Ecosystems:
Forest - temperature
Cool and shady
Ecosystems:
Forest - animals
Buck, mice, snakes, wildcats … etc.
Ecosystems:
Forest - plants
Trees, ferns, mosses and small plants
Ecosystems:
Forest - threats
Chopping down trees (land)
Ecosystems:
River - description
Water that flows from land to sea
Ecosystems:
River - amount of light
Bright sunlight with often shady banks
Ecosystems:
River - amount of water
Large fresh water system
Ecosystems:
River - temperature
Warm / cold
( location )
Ecosystems:
River - animals
Fish, frogs, birds … etc.
Ecosystems:
River - plants
Trees, reeds, pondweeds … etc.
Ecosystems:
River - threats
Pollution and droughts
Ecosystems:
Pond - description
An area filled with water
Ecosystems:
Pond - amount of light
Plenty of sunlight, often shady edges
Ecosystems:
Pond - amount of water
Small fresh water system
Ecosystems:
Pond - temperature
Changes with the seasons (cool)
Ecosystems:
Pond - animals
Fish, frogs, birds … etc.
Ecosystems:
Pond - plants
Water lilies, reeds, bulrushes … etc.
Ecosystems:
Pond - threats
Pollution and droughts
Bioaccumulation
The build up of toxic materials in a food chain.
Biodiversity
The range in a given area
Carnivore
Meat-eating organism
Chlorophyll
The green pigment found in chloroplasts which aids photosynthesis
Chemosynbthesis
Using chemical reactions to make glucose without the presence of light.
Community
All of the different organisms in an ecosystem
Consumer
Animals that eat plants or other animals in order to survive.
Ecosystem
A community of animals and plants and where they live.
Food chain
A diagram of organisms illustrating the flow of energy
Food web
Lots of food chians linked together
Guard cells
These are found on the underside of leaves and control the opening & closing of stamata
Habitats
The areas where an organisms live, for example, pond / hedgerow
Herbivore
Plant-eating organisms
Interdependence
Organisms depending on each other in order to survive
Nitrates
These are required by plants for healthy growth.
Omnivore
Meat and plant eating organism
Palisade cells
Found on the top side of leaves, contain a lot of chloroplasts and aid photosynthesis
Phosphates
Required by plants to remain healthy. A lack of phosphate leads to poor root growth and discoloured leaves
Photosynthesis
Process where* plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their own food
*by which
Population
All the animals of one type of species that live in a given area
Predators
Animals that hunt and kill for food
Prey
Animals that are killed and eaten by others
Stomata
Found on the underside of leaves, allow carbon dioxide into the leaf
Toxic
Poisonous
Producer (autotroph)
Plants that are able to produce their own food
Consumer
An animal that eats either the plant or another animal in the food chain
Decomposer
Organisms that break down dead plant and animal matter
Herbivore
Animal that only eats plants.
Omnivore
Animals that eat both plants and other animals
Carnivore
Animals that only eat other animals
Scavenger
Animals that search for and feed on other dead animals.
Insectivore
Animals that only eat insects.
Primary consumer
The first consumer in food chain that eats the producer.
Secondary consumer
The second consumer in the food chain that eats the primary consumer.
Tertiary consumer
The third consumer in the food chain that eats the secondary consumer.
Apex consumer
The top animal in the food chain with no predator above them.
Predator
An animal that hunts and eats other animal.
Prey
An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal.
How are plants/animals related in an ecosystem.
( + what is it called )
By thier feeding relationships
Called a food web
Food web
Made up of a number of linked food chains
Food chains
Shows the simple transfer/flow of energy.
A food web shows what
The different organisms that animals feed on.
Food chains show what
Only one organism that each animal in the food chain feeds on.
What is the difference between the states of matter
How the particles move
Solids
Have a definite shape and a definite volume
(all particles are close together)
Liquids
Indefinite shape and volume
(particles are not close together)
Gases
Have a indefinite shape and volume
(particles are far apart + move freely)
