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Grade 6: Science & Tech. > Term 1 (science) > Flashcards

Term 1 (science) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis

(give definition)

A

The process by which plants make their own food.

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2
Q

Photosynthesis:

Where does photosynthesis mainly take place and why

A

In leaves - because leaves cotain chlorophyll

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3
Q

Photosynthesis:

What does chorophyll do

A

Makes plants green and absorbs suns energy

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4
Q

Photosynthesis:

What is needed for photosynthesis to take place

A

Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight

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5
Q

Photosynthesis:

Where are the substances taken in through

(substances = water, carbon dioxide, sunlight)

A

Roots

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6
Q

Photosynthesis:

What is the plant’s foods called

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Photosynthesis:

Glucose

-is what

A

Type of sugar that provides plants with all the energy they need

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8
Q

Photosynthesis:

How do plants breath, what do they breath in

(is this the same to humans/animals)

A

They breath through cells called stomata - Take in carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Photosynthesis:

What do they breath out - is this the same to humans/animals

A

Breath out oxygen for humans/animals

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10
Q

Photosynthesis:

What do plants store their excess glucose as and where

A

Starch - fruit, leaves, roots, stems or seeds

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11
Q

Photosynthesis:

Iodine

-is what

A

Used to test for starch. Special chemical that changes colour when in contact with starch.

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12
Q

Photosynthesis:

Oxygen - coming from - going

A

Leaf - into air

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13
Q

Photosynthesis:

Sunlight - coming from - going

A

Sun - into leaf (chlorophyll)

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14
Q

Photosynthesis:

Sugar - coming from - going

A

Leaf - throughout plant

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15
Q

Photosynthesis:

Starch - coming from - going

A

Roots, fruit, seeds - to roots to stem to leaves

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16
Q

Photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide - coming from - going

A

Outside of plant - into leaf

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17
Q

Nutrients in foods:

Nutrients

(definition)

A

Special substance found in foods

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18
Q

Nutrients in foods:

Is needed in body - why

A

Important parts of food that keep the body healthy and provide it with energy

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19
Q

Nutrients in foods:

What contains nutrients

A

Everything eaten

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20
Q

Nutrients in foods:

How are foods grouped

A

According to their functions in the body and the main nutrients they supply

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21
Q

Nutrients in foods:

4 main food groups

A

Carbohydrates, protein, fats & oils, vitamins & minerals

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22
Q

Food groups:

Carbohydrates gives us what

A

Gives us energy for growth and movement, keeps body warm

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23
Q

Food groups:

Main 2 types of carbohydrates

A

Sugar and starch

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24
Q

Food groups:

How much of our food contains carbohydrates

A

80%

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25
Q

Food groups:

Sugar - found in…

A

In fruits or products such as jam/cooldrinks

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26
Q

Food groups:

Sugar - gives us…

A

Gives our bodies quick energy - doesn’t have important nutrients.

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27
Q

Food groups:

Starch - found in..

A

In bread, pasta & potatoes

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28
Q

Food groups:

Starch - gives us.. & how

A

Releases energy into bodies slowly so it lasts longer

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29
Q

Food groups:

Most common carbohydrate in our diets

A

Starch

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30
Q

Food groups:

Protein helps with

A

Helps body grow+repair itself and helps immune system fight infections

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31
Q

Food groups:

Protein - makes up part of…

A

The red blood cells

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32
Q

… - mainly made of proteins

A

Muscles & organs

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33
Q

Food groups:

Protein makes up many parts of our body such as …

A

Bone, hair, skin, nails

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34
Q

Food groups:

Red blood cells

-do what

A

Carry oxygen around body. They travel from lungs delivering oxygen to all diffent parts of body

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35
Q

Food groups:

Immune system

-does what

A

Protects body from germs/bacteria. If you do sick it fights the infection

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36
Q

Food groups:

It is important to get protein from a variety of foods - why

A

It repair any damaged tissue and helps muscles/organs grow

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37
Q

Food groups:

Protein must be eaten in correct proportions - why

A

If too much is eaten, the body will store it as fat

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38
Q

Food groups:

Fats and oils

-does what

A

Foods for storing energy, insulation, protection

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39
Q

Food groups:

Fats & oils - gives how much energy

A

More than any other food type

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40
Q

Food groups:

Body fat

-does/is what

A

Forms protective layers inside body, keeping body warm - protects organs/nerves

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41
Q

Food groups:

Oils

-is what - provides what

A

Liquid fats made from plants/fish. Provides important nutrients

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42
Q

Food groups:

Healthy oils + fats

-are what

A

Made of plants+fish. Much healthier cause they provide more nutrients

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43
Q

Food groups:

What are examples of healthy Oils & fats

A

Avo / sardines

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44
Q

Food groups:

Unhealthy fat

-called what

A

Saturated fats

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45
Q

Food groups:

Unhealthy fats (&oils)

-are/do what

A

Mainly from animal products. Raises cholesterol levels in the blood

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46
Q

Examples of saturated fats

A

Too much butter/ red meat

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47
Q

Food groups:

Vitamins + minerals

-foods for …

A

For building bones, teeth, mantaining immune system, good eyesight

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48
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitamin A

-function

A

Helps see at night, helps fight body infections

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49
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitamin B

-function

A

Makes energy, proteins + red blood cells

(and many other functions)

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50
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitamin C

-function

A

Helps fight infections

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51
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitamin D

-function

A

Helps make stong bones

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52
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitamin E

-function

A

Protects the skin

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53
Q

Food groups: (important vitamins)

Vitatmin K

-function

A

Helps stop bleeding

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54
Q

Food groups: (important minerals)

Culcium

-function

A

Makes teeth/bones strong

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55
Q

Food groups: (important minerals)

Iron

-function

A

Helps make red blood cells

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56
Q

Food groups: (important minerals)

Zinc

-function

A

Helps you grow

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57
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

Sodium

-is/does what

A

Makes sure the amount of blood + blood pressure stays the same, makes sure that every part of body has enough water

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58
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

Sodium - keeps what working

A

Keeps muscles + nerves working properly

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59
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

Sodium rich foods:

A

Bacon, anchovies, beetroot

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60
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

Potassium - responsible for

A

Taking care of cells, makes sure correct amount of water + minerals go into each cell

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61
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

How does potassium help our muscles

A

Helps make muscles contract so we can move our bodies

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62
Q

Food groups: (essential minerals)

Potassium rich foods:

A

Bananas, avo, guava

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63
Q

Balanced diets:

Diet

-definition

A

Selection of different foods that a person/animal eats everyday.

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64
Q

Balanced diets:

In order to have a healthy diet it is important to eat …

-carrry on sentence

A

The right amount of food from each food group

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65
Q

Balanced diets:

Grains

(how many servings per day)

A

6-10 servings /day

(/day = per day)

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66
Q

Balanced diets:

Dairy

(how many servings per day)

A

2 servings per day

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67
Q

Balanced diets:

Fats & oils

(how many servings per day)

A

15-20g per day

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68
Q

Balanced diets:

Proteins

(how many servings per day)

A

2 servings per day

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69
Q

Balanced diets:

Vegtables & fruit

(how many servings per day)

A

5-6 servings /day

(/day = per day)

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70
Q

How fibre benefits the body:

How does fibre benefits the body

A

Constipation, diabetes, heart problems

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71
Q

How fibre benefits the body:

Constipation

(how fibre helps it)

A

Keeps water in digestive system so food can pass through easily

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72
Q

How fibre benefits the body:

Diabetes

(how fibre helps it)

A

Slows down how quickly sugar is absorbed into body

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73
Q

How fibre benefits the body:

Heart problems

(how fibre helps it)

A

Helps to lower blood pressure & cholesterol

74
Q

Diseases: Rickets

Rickets - affects what

A

Affects kid’s bones, causes them to become soft

75
Q

Diseases: Rickets

What is wrong with bones becoming soft

A

They don’t work properly

76
Q

Diseases: Rickets

Cause

-of rickets

A

Lack of vitamin D

77
Q

Diseases: Rickets

Prevention

-of rickets (give example of food as well)

A

Eat more foods containing vitamin D e.g eggs/fish

78
Q

Diseases: Rickets

How do pores look if you have rickets

A

Big pores far away

(supposed to have dots close together)

79
Q

Diseases: Obesity

Obesity

-is what

A

When a person is severly over weight

80
Q

Diseases: Obesity

Cause

-of obesity

A

Lack of exercise + unhealthy diet

81
Q

Diseases: Obesity

Prevention

-of obesity

A

Eat healthy diet +exercise regulary/daily

82
Q

Diseases: Tooth decay

Tooth decay

-is what

A

Disease occurring in teeth. Causes holes in the teeth.

83
Q

Diseases: Tooth decay

What are the holes in teeth called and what could happen if not treated

A

Cavities, if not treated, could cause an infection in mouth

84
Q

Diseases: Tooth decay

Cause

A

Eating too much sugar in diet, not cleaning teeth regulary

85
Q

Diseases: Tooth decay

Prevention

A

Eat healthy + clean teeth daily

86
Q

Diseases: Constipation

Constipation

-is what

A

Unable to go to toilet as often as you should to clear out your digestive system

87
Q

Diseases: Constipation

Cause

A

Diet contains little fibre

88
Q

Diseases: Constipation

Prevention

(give examples of food as well)

A

Diet high in fibre, e.g. fruit/grains/veg.

89
Q

Diseases: Diabetes

Occurs when …

-complete sentence

A

When body is no longer able to keep the sugar levels in the blood under contol

90
Q

Disease: Diabetes

More than 1 type?

Yes/no - if yes say how many

A

Yes, 2 types

91
Q

Disease: Diabetes

What happens to body once you have diabetes

A

Body either becomes resitant to or doesn’t produce insulin

92
Q

Disease: Diabetes

Insulin

-is what

A

Responsible for taking the glucose in the blood + using it for energy

93
Q

Disease: Diabetes

Cause (type 1)

A

Genetics/inherited or virus

94
Q

Disease: Diabetes

Cause (type 2)

A

Unhealthy diet or lack of exercise could trigger body into becoming resistant to insulin /no longer produces enough of it

95
Q

Disease: Diabetes

Prevention (type 2)

A

Healthy diet / exercise
- if that doesn’t help - insulin is required

96
Q

Disease: Diabetes

Prevention (type 1)

A

Have to take insulin injections/tablets

97
Q

Disease: Malnutrition

Occurs when …

-complete sentence

A

When body has not enough nutrients

98
Q

Disease: Malnutrition

How will someone look with Malnutrition

A

Very skinny with bloated stomach

99
Q

Disease: Malnutrition

Severe type

-called what

A

Kwashiorkor

100
Q

Disease: Malnutrition

Cause

A

Unhealthy diet with not enough nutrients

101
Q

Disease: Malnutrition

Prevention

A

Healthy diet with plenty nutrients

102
Q

Ecosystem

A

Defined as the relation between the biotic and abiotic components

( of the enviroment )

103
Q

Habitat

A

Defined as the natural enviroment in which a certain animals live.

104
Q

Abiotic

( e.g )

A

NON-LIVING - soil, wind, air, sunlight, water & temperature

(etc.)

105
Q

Biotic

( e.g )

A

LIVING - bacteria, plants, animals & humans

(etc.)

106
Q

Types of ecosystems

A

Tundra, mountain, forest, savanna, desert, ocean, rocky shore, wetland, river & pond

107
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - amount of light

A

Plenty of sunlight

108
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - amount of water

A

Enough to grow grass and shrubs

109
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - temperature

A
  • Hot in summer
  • Cold in winter
110
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - animals

A

Zebras, giraffes, lions, hyenas … etc.

111
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - plants

A

Grasses and small bushes and shrubs

112
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - threats

A

Poaching, fires, clearing for houses

113
Q

Ecosystems:

Grassland - description

A

Large, open, grassy spaces

114
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - description

A

Shady and cool
Lush and green

115
Q

Ecosystems:

forest - amount of light

A

Shady with little bright sunlight

116
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - amount of water

A

Plenty of water, can be damp

117
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - temperature

A

Cool and shady

118
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - animals

A

Buck, mice, snakes, wildcats … etc.

119
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - plants

A

Trees, ferns, mosses and small plants

120
Q

Ecosystems:

Forest - threats

A

Chopping down trees (land)

121
Q

Ecosystems:

River - description

A

Water that flows from land to sea

122
Q

Ecosystems:

River - amount of light

A

Bright sunlight with often shady banks

123
Q

Ecosystems:

River - amount of water

A

Large fresh water system

124
Q

Ecosystems:

River - temperature

A

Warm / cold
( location )

125
Q

Ecosystems:

River - animals

A

Fish, frogs, birds … etc.

126
Q

Ecosystems:

River - plants

A

Trees, reeds, pondweeds … etc.

127
Q

Ecosystems:

River - threats

A

Pollution and droughts

128
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - description

A

An area filled with water

129
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - amount of light

A

Plenty of sunlight, often shady edges

130
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - amount of water

A

Small fresh water system

131
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - temperature

A

Changes with the seasons (cool)

132
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - animals

A

Fish, frogs, birds … etc.

133
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - plants

A

Water lilies, reeds, bulrushes … etc.

134
Q

Ecosystems:

Pond - threats

A

Pollution and droughts

135
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The build up of toxic materials in a food chain.

136
Q

Biodiversity

A

The range in a given area

137
Q

Carnivore

A

Meat-eating organism

138
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green pigment found in chloroplasts which aids photosynthesis

139
Q

Chemosynbthesis

A

Using chemical reactions to make glucose without the presence of light.

140
Q

Community

A

All of the different organisms in an ecosystem

141
Q

Consumer

A

Animals that eat plants or other animals in order to survive.

142
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of animals and plants and where they live.

143
Q

Food chain

A

A diagram of organisms illustrating the flow of energy

144
Q

Food web

A

Lots of food chians linked together

145
Q

Guard cells

A

These are found on the underside of leaves and control the opening & closing of stamata

146
Q

Habitats

A

The areas where an organisms live, for example, pond / hedgerow

147
Q

Herbivore

A

Plant-eating organisms

148
Q

Interdependence

A

Organisms depending on each other in order to survive

149
Q

Nitrates

A

These are required by plants for healthy growth.

150
Q

Omnivore

A

Meat and plant eating organism

151
Q

Palisade cells

A

Found on the top side of leaves, contain a lot of chloroplasts and aid photosynthesis

152
Q

Phosphates

A

Required by plants to remain healthy. A lack of phosphate leads to poor root growth and discoloured leaves

153
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process where* plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their own food

*by which

154
Q

Population

A

All the animals of one type of species that live in a given area

155
Q

Predators

A

Animals that hunt and kill for food

156
Q

Prey

A

Animals that are killed and eaten by others

157
Q

Stomata

A

Found on the underside of leaves, allow carbon dioxide into the leaf

158
Q

Toxic

A

Poisonous

159
Q

Producer (autotroph)

A

Plants that are able to produce their own food

160
Q

Consumer

A

An animal that eats either the plant or another animal in the food chain

161
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that break down dead plant and animal matter

162
Q

Herbivore

A

Animal that only eats plants.

163
Q

Omnivore

A

Animals that eat both plants and other animals

164
Q

Carnivore

A

Animals that only eat other animals

165
Q

Scavenger

A

Animals that search for and feed on other dead animals.

166
Q

Insectivore

A

Animals that only eat insects.

167
Q

Primary consumer

A

The first consumer in food chain that eats the producer.

168
Q

Secondary consumer

A

The second consumer in the food chain that eats the primary consumer.

169
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

The third consumer in the food chain that eats the secondary consumer.

170
Q

Apex consumer

A

The top animal in the food chain with no predator above them.

171
Q

Predator

A

An animal that hunts and eats other animal.

172
Q

Prey

A

An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal.

173
Q

How are plants/animals related in an ecosystem.

( + what is it called )

A

By thier feeding relationships
Called a food web

174
Q

Food web

A

Made up of a number of linked food chains

175
Q

Food chains

A

Shows the simple transfer/flow of energy.

176
Q

A food web shows what

A

The different organisms that animals feed on.

177
Q

Food chains show what

A

Only one organism that each animal in the food chain feeds on.

178
Q

What is the difference between the states of matter

A

How the particles move

179
Q

Solids

A

Have a definite shape and a definite volume

(all particles are close together)

180
Q

Liquids

A

Indefinite shape and volume

(particles are not close together)

181
Q

Gases

A

Have a indefinite shape and volume

(particles are far apart + move freely)

Grade 6: Science & Tech. (2 decks)

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