TERM 1 REVISION Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body?
206
How many bones are devoted to the production of movement and what are they reffered to?
124, the appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton do?
protect vital organs in the human body and to provide a structure to which the appendicular skeleton can attach and move around.
What does the skeletal system consist of?
bone tissue, bone marrow, cartilage and the periosteum (the membrane around bones).
The functions of the skeleton and bone tissue include:
support
protection
movement
Storage of minerals
blood cell production
What does support include?
they provide a framework for soft connective tissue, such as muscles
What does protection include?
they protect internal organs; for example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs
What does movement include?
when muscles contract they pull on bones and produce movement
What does Storage of minerals include?
in particular, they store calcium and phosphorus, which are released when needed
what does blood cell production include?
most blood cell formation occurs within the red bone marrow
What are the 4 types of bones?
Long
Short
Irregular
Flat
Long bones are:
- Longer than they are wide
- Function to support weight of the body and facilitate movement
- Mostly located in the appendicular skeleton
E.g. all limb bones (humerus, femur, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges etc.)
Short bones are:
- Equal in length, width and thickness – cube shaped
- Function to provide stability and some movement
- E.g. carpals in the wrist and tarsals in the ankle
Irregular bones are:
- Bones which have complicated shapes and structures and therefore don’t fit into any other category of bone
- The major function is the protection of vital organs such as the spinal cord
- E.g. vertebrae and coccyx
Flat bones are:
- Thin and flat, often curved
- Function to protect internal organs such as the brain, heart and pelvic organs
- Made up largely of bones found in the axial skeleton
- E.g. cranium, sternum, scapula and ribs
How many bones intersect at a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones intersect.
what are the three main joints in the human body
fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.
what are the 6 Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Gliding
Saddle Joint
Ellipsoidal Joints
What are tendons?
Fibrous cords of dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
What are ligaments?
Dense connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.
What can muscles do?
- produce movement to walk, run, jump, breathe, digest and excrete
- provide stabilisation of posture and internal organs
- generate heat to maintain body temperature
MEMORISE THE MUSCLE NAMES!!!
What is flexion?
decreasing the angle between 2 bones
What is extension?
increasing the angle between 2 bones
What is adduction?
movement of a bone towards the midline
What is abduction?
movement of a bone away from the midline
What is dorsiflexion?
bending of foot towards shin
What is plantar flexion?
bending of foot away from shin
