Term 1 Lecture 1: introduction to macroeconomics Flashcards
What are the 3 definitions for GDP (3)
-GDP is the value of final goods and services in an economy in a time period
-GDP is the value added of goods and services (production value - intermediate goods used in production) in an economy in a time period
-GDP is the sum of incomes in an economy in a time period
What are some problems with measuring GDP (4)
-New free services increasing value but making things cheaper
-Quality of G/S changing (hedonic pricing = treating goods as providing characteristics, measuring those to solely look at price changes)
-Illegal production, and differences in laws
-Home production excluded
What are some impacts of unemployment (3)
-Negative welfare
-Inefficient allocation of human resources
-Labour shortages/surpluses
How unemployment a countercyclical variable (1)
-Unemployment decreases when GDP increases
What is inflation vs deflation (2)
-Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level over time
-Deflation is a sustained fall in the general price level
What is the GDP deflator (2)
-The GDP deflator in year t is the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP
-The GDP deflator doesn’t measure inflation (inflation = consumers), but how prices as a whole are rising
How is inflation measured (3)
-The CPI is a measure of the cost of living
-The CPI is based on surveys which account for what proportion of households’ income goes to what, and they then measure those prices
-Inflation rates are computed using either the CPI or GDP deflator, mostly similar but some differences
What is some different notation for macroeconomic variables (real GDP, nominal GDP, inflation, GDP deflator) (4)
-Yt = real GDP
-$Yt = nominal GDP
-πt = rate of inflation
-Pt = GDP deflator