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Grade VII > Term 1 exam revision > Flashcards

Term 1 exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

Early medieval period

A

8th - 12th century

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2
Q

Late medieval period

A

13th - 18th century

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3
Q

Bharat

A

Derived from the name of Bharata, son of Dhushyanta - a ruler mentioned in Mahabharata

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4
Q

India

A

The English term is derived from the Greek word India ( meaning the region beyond the river Indus)

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5
Q

Hindustan

A

Carried different meanings
- Minhaj-us-Siraj - Land between Ganga and Yamuna
- Babur - Geography, Fauna and culture of people
- British Raj - synonymous to India

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6
Q

Disadvantages of the written records

A
  • No printing press so used scribes
  • Small changes that increased in each generation
  • Prejudice and bias
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7
Q

Economic changes during the medieval period

A
  • Persian wheel - irrigation
  • Spinning wheel - weaving clothes
  • Firearms - combats
  • New food items and beverages
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7
Q

Feudatories

A

Individuals who held land under the feudal system in return for services

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8
Q

The Tripartite Struggle

A
  • For Kannauj in the Ganga Valley
  • Between Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas
  • To possess the symbol of sovereignty
  • For wealth and military prowess
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9
Q

Invasion of Ghazni

A
  • Annexed Punjab
  • Objective - loot wealth
  • Concentrated on temple cities
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10
Q

Invasion of Ghori

A
  • Objective - to establish an empire
  • Fought against Prithviraj Chauhan in the battle of Tarain
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11
Q

Causes for the success of the Turks

A
  • Internal conflicts between the small empires after the fall of Pratiharas
  • Lack of unified commands and the presence of a huge number of feudal lords
  • Superior military technology and warfare of the Turks( Used iron stirrups and horseshoes)
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12
Q

Officials under the Chola administration

A
  • Tiruvakya-kelvi - Ruler
  • Penundaram - Higher officials
  • Sirutaram - Lower officials
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13
Q

Village administration of the Cholas

A
  • Autonomy and self-sufficient due to the village assemblies
  • Ur - Assembly of common villagers where the land was held by people of all classes.
  • Sabha - Exclusive Brahmin assembly
  • Nagaram - An assembly of local merchants
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14
Q

Vimana

A

The tower - chief feature of Chola temples

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15
Q

Birth of the Slave Dynasty

A

Mohammad Ghori had no sons and nurtured slaves who went on to become rulers

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16
Q

Prominent rulers of the Slave dynasty

A

Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Balban

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17
Q

Chalgans

A

A group of higher officials appointed by Iltutmish were then eliminated by Balban as they started working for their personal gains.

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18
Q

Garrison towns

A

Heavily fortified towns with the presence of soldiers.

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19
Q

Muqti

A
  • Also known as iqtadar
  • Holders of land known as iqta
  • Join military campaigns and maintain law and order
  • Were not hereditary
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20
Q

Kharaj

A

Islamic land tax imposed by Alauddin Khalji who raised it from 1/6th of the produce to 50%

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21
Q

Shana-i-mandi

A

Controller of markets under Khalji

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22
Q

Barids

A

Intelligence officers under Khalji

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23
Q

Experiments of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

A
  • Raising the taxes in Doab during a famine
  • Transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad
  • The introduction of token currency ( Brinze coins called tanka instead of silver coins) led to forged coins.
  • Expeditions into Qurachil and Khursan
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24
Q

Mughal Emperors

A

B - Babur
H - Humayun
A - Akbar
J - Jahangir
S- Shah Jahan
A - Aurangzeb

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25
Q

Division of provinces

A

Subas -> Sarkars ->Chaklas -> Parganas -> Mahals

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26
Q

Mansabdars

A

Officers joining the Mughal army service

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27
Q

Mansab

A

Rank held by mansabdars
Determines the rank of the holder, pay of the mansabdar and the sawar( The number of soldiers with horses)

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28
Q

Jagirdari system

A

Jagir - Land
Jagirdari - A person who owns the land and can collect revenue from the same

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29
Q

Land revenue system under Mughal administration

A
  • Division of land into Polaj, Parautii, Chachaar, and Banjar
  • Advance loans were provided
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30
Q

Diwan

A

Responsible for revenue and finance

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31
Q

Mir bhakshi

A

In-charge of military

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32
Q

Mir saman

A

Incharge of royal karkhanas - purchase of articles and storage

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33
Q

Sadr-us-sudr

A

Protected laws of shari’at

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34
Q

Qazi-ul-qazzat

A

Head of judiciary

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35
Q

Subadar

A

Governor of a suba/province

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36
Q

Ibadatkhana

A

Akbar’s hall of prayer

37
Q

Sulh-i-kuhl

A

Universal peace

38
Q

Ulema

A

Muslim scholars

39
Q

Amirs

A

Nobility

40
Q

Nomads

A

Wandering groups of people who roam from one pastoral land to another with their families and cattle

41
Q

Itinerant groups

A

Artisans, craftsmen, Storytellers and entertainers travelling from one place to another

42
Q

Sufism

A

Reform movement against the growing materialism in Islam

43
Q

Tariqa

A

Followers of the Sufi path

44
Q

Pir

A

Sufi guides

45
Q

Khanqah

A

Centre of Activities of a Sufi order

46
Q

Suhrawadi Silsila

A
  • Founder - Zakariya
  • Established one of the oldest khanqas in Multan
47
Q

Chisti Silsila

A
  • Founder - Chisti
  • Treated the rich and poor alike
  • Attitude of religious tolerance
48
Q

Environment

A

Surroundings/conditions in which a person/animal/ plant exists

49
Q

Natural environment

A
  • Physical environment - Abiotic components like land, water or air
  • Biological environment - Biotic components like humans, animals, plants and micro-organisms
50
Q

Lithosphere

A

Outermost solid layer of the Earth
Also known as the crust

51
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water bodies like the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes

52
Q

Atmosphere

A

Air that surrounds the Earth and is held by its gravitational pull.

53
Q

Biosphere

A

The narrow zone where land, water, and air come into contact with each other.

54
Q

The great variety of life on Earth

A

Biodiversity

55
Q

Interaction of all living organisms living in a place

A

Ecosystems

56
Q

Ecological balance

A

Equilibrium in the transfer of energy and matter

57
Q

Weather

A

Condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time. It is not constant and affects our everyday activities.

58
Q

Climate

A

Average weather conditions of a large area over a long period of time. It is permanent and influences our way of life.

59
Q

Factors that affect temperature

A

Distance from sea, Altitude, Latitude, and Insolation

60
Q

Insolation

A

Amount of solar energy received by the Earth

61
Q

Factors affecting atmospheric pressure

A

Coriolis effect, Altitude, Temperature and Humidity

62
Q

Pressure belts

A

Due to temperature - Equatorial Low pressure, Polar High pressure
Due to Coriolis effect - Sub-tropical High pressure, Sub-polar low pressure

63
Q

Wind

A

Horizontal movement of air

64
Q

Types of wind

A

Planetary wind - Easterlies, Westerlies, and Trade winds
Periodic winds - Land breeze, monsoon winds
Local winds - Loo in India

65
Q

Humidity

A

Amount of water vapor found in the air
Measured using a hygrometer

66
Q

Saline water

A

Water has a lot of dissolved salts

67
Q

Salinity

A

Amount of salt in the ocean water
Avg - 35 per thousand

68
Q

Factors that affect salinity

A

Rate of evaporation, precipitation, and amount of freshwater added

69
Q

Seas

A

Water bodies smaller than oceans

70
Q

Importance of oceans

A
  • Prime source of precipitation
  • Moderating effect on climate
  • Marine life
  • Drinking water after desalination
  • Mineral deposits
  • Source of energy ( Tidal energy)
  • Means of transport
71
Q

Waves

A

Alternate up and down movement of ocean water due to the action of the wind

72
Q

Crest

A

Upper part of the wave

73
Q

Trough

A

Lower part of the wave

74
Q

Wave height

A

The vertical distance between the crest and the trough

75
Q

Wavelength

A

Horizontal distance between two crests/troughs

76
Q

Tsunami

A
  • Japanese words( tsu- harbor nami - waves)
  • Also known as huge tidal waves
  • Caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides
77
Q

Tides

A

The periodic rise and fall of the water level in the sea occurs at regular intervals. Caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

78
Q

Spring tides

A

Occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a straight line exerting more pull.

79
Q

Neap tides

A

Occurs when the Sun and the Moon are at right angles and nullify each other’s gravitational pull.

80
Q

Ocean currents

A

Horizontal movement of masses of water in the form of broad streams in definite directions

81
Q

Universal Adult Franchise

A

Every adult, irrespective of his/her region, caste, or education has the right to vote

82
Q

Midday meal Scheme

A

Launched to provide elementary education to all children and provide nutritious food.

83
Q

Election Commission of India

A

The governing body is responsible for conducting elections in India. Headed by the Election Commissioner.

84
Q

EVM

A

Electronic Voting Machine

85
Q

Importance of elections

A
  • Means of expression of public will
  • People’s participation
  • Held at regular intervals and keeps a check on the present rule
  • Offers real choices to people
86
Q

Political Party

A

A group of people sharing similar views on the political issues of the country

87
Q

National party

A

Recognized in four or more states. Eg - Congress, BJP

88
Q

Regional party

A

Functions at the state or regional level. Eg - ADMK, DMK

89
Q

Coalition government

A

When there is no clear-cut majority, several parties join together to form a government.

Grade VII (1 decks)

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