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science 2023 > term 1 - chemistry reactions, profiles and rates > Flashcards

term 1 - chemistry reactions, profiles and rates Flashcards

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1
Q

the number of protons and electrons in an element is the same as?

A

the element’s atomic number

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2
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons an element has?

A

atomic mass - atomic number

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3
Q

(1) all matter is composed of _____, and has ____ and ______?

A

atoms
mass
volume

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4
Q

(3) endothermic reaction?

A

heat energy is ‘absorbed’ and the temperature lowers

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5
Q

(3) exothermic reaction?

A

heat energy is ‘released’ during the reaction and the temperature increases

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6
Q

bonds of reactants have more energy than the products?

A

exothermic

energy difference is given out as heat

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7
Q

bonds of reactants have less energy than the products?

A

endothermic

extra energy is needed to form the product, which is taken from its surroundings, so the temperature falls

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8
Q

(2) signs of a chemical change?

A

temperature change

colour change

light emmited

fizz/bubbles/gas

precipitate/solid is formed

smell/odour

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9
Q

photosynthesis and respiration are _________?

A

opposites

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10
Q

photosynthesis is ___________ reaction?

A

endothermic

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11
Q

respiration is __________ reaction?

A

exothermic

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12
Q

how do you know that a chemical reaction involves oxygen/word equation for an element + oxygen?

A

you see something burn + the energy is released in the form of heat and light

not every substance reacts with oxygen in the same way

element + oxygen = oxide + energy

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13
Q

what happens when hydrogen burns in oxygen?

A

large amounts of heat are released, which can be dangerous in an uncontrolled environment

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14
Q

fuel?

A

substance that will have a large amount of useful energy quickly once it undergoes a chemical reaction

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15
Q

what do many fuels contain?

A

hydrocarbons

compounds of carbon and hydrogen

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16
Q

(4 and 5) combustion?

A

oxygen + often contains carbon and hydrogen. living things

exothermic reaction that occurs at different rates

produces heat or light energy

17
Q

(4) what is corrosion?

A

When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc.
eg. rust of iron

18
Q

(4) what type of reaction is corrosion?

A

process involves oxygen and water therefore it is a form of combustion (non-living)

19
Q

(9) what affect does temperature have on a reaction?

A

more heat = more speed = more collisions

particles turn heat into kinetic energy

20
Q

(9) what affect does concentration have on a reaction?

A

more particles in same space = more collisions

21
Q

(9) what affect does catalysts have on a reaction?

A

reduce activation energy needed for a reaction

less activation energy = more effective collisions = faster rate

22
Q

(9) what affect does surface area have on a reaction?

A

increase in SA —> more collisions

more collisions = more effective collisions = faster rate

23
Q

(9) activation energy?

A

minimum amount of energy to start a reaction

24
Q

collision theory?

A

reactions do not happen unless particles are in contact and able to collide. particles are constantly moving.

25
Q

(11) pH scale?

A

measure of how acidic or basic (alkaline) something is

26
Q

(11) properties of an acid?

A

ph of less than 7
taste sour
indicator: blue —> red

27
Q

(11) properties of base?

A

ph of more than 7
taste bitter
indicator: red —> blue

28
Q

(12) word equation for combustion?

A

fuel (butane) + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

29
Q

(12) word equation for acids and metals?

A

metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

30
Q

(12) word equation for metal carbonate and acids?

A

metal carbonate + acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

(12) word equation for precipitation?

A

two soluble reactants form a soluble product and an insoluble product (precipitate)

reactant ab + reactant cd —> product ad + product bc

32
Q

(13) decomposition?

A

a single compound breaks down into two or more substances

reactant ab —> product a + product b

33
Q

(13) neutralisation?

A

acids neutralise with bases (or vice versa) to become neutral

always produces a salt and water

34
Q

(14) test for hydrogen gas?

A

pop test

35
Q

(14) test for carbon dioxide?

A

milky limewater

36
Q

(14) test for oxygen gas?

A

glowing splint

37
Q

why are indicators used in chemical experiments?

A

to identify chemical conditions

38
Q

hydrocarbon + oxygen?

A

carbon dioxide + water + energy

science 2023 (2 decks)

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