term 1 - chemistry reactions, profiles and rates Flashcards

1
Q

the number of protons and electrons in an element is the same as?

A

the element’s atomic number

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2
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons an element has?

A

atomic mass - atomic number

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3
Q

(1) all matter is composed of _____, and has ____ and ______?

A

atoms
mass
volume

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4
Q

(3) endothermic reaction?

A

heat energy is ‘absorbed’ and the temperature lowers

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5
Q

(3) exothermic reaction?

A

heat energy is ‘released’ during the reaction and the temperature increases

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6
Q

bonds of reactants have more energy than the products?

A

exothermic

energy difference is given out as heat

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7
Q

bonds of reactants have less energy than the products?

A

endothermic

extra energy is needed to form the product, which is taken from its surroundings, so the temperature falls

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8
Q

(2) signs of a chemical change?

A

temperature change

colour change

light emmited

fizz/bubbles/gas

precipitate/solid is formed

smell/odour

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9
Q

photosynthesis and respiration are _________?

A

opposites

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10
Q

photosynthesis is ___________ reaction?

A

endothermic

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11
Q

respiration is __________ reaction?

A

exothermic

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12
Q

how do you know that a chemical reaction involves oxygen/word equation for an element + oxygen?

A

you see something burn + the energy is released in the form of heat and light

not every substance reacts with oxygen in the same way

element + oxygen = oxide + energy

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13
Q

what happens when hydrogen burns in oxygen?

A

large amounts of heat are released, which can be dangerous in an uncontrolled environment

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14
Q

fuel?

A

substance that will have a large amount of useful energy quickly once it undergoes a chemical reaction

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15
Q

what do many fuels contain?

A

hydrocarbons

compounds of carbon and hydrogen

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16
Q

(4 and 5) combustion?

A

oxygen + often contains carbon and hydrogen. living things

exothermic reaction that occurs at different rates

produces heat or light energy

17
Q

(4) what is corrosion?

A

When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc.
eg. rust of iron

18
Q

(4) what type of reaction is corrosion?

A

process involves oxygen and water therefore it is a form of combustion (non-living)

19
Q

(9) what affect does temperature have on a reaction?

A

more heat = more speed = more collisions

particles turn heat into kinetic energy

20
Q

(9) what affect does concentration have on a reaction?

A

more particles in same space = more collisions

21
Q

(9) what affect does catalysts have on a reaction?

A

reduce activation energy needed for a reaction

less activation energy = more effective collisions = faster rate

22
Q

(9) what affect does surface area have on a reaction?

A

increase in SA —> more collisions

more collisions = more effective collisions = faster rate

23
Q

(9) activation energy?

A

minimum amount of energy to start a reaction

24
Q

collision theory?

A

reactions do not happen unless particles are in contact and able to collide. particles are constantly moving.

25
(11) pH scale?
measure of how acidic or basic (alkaline) something is
26
(11) properties of an acid?
ph of less than 7 taste sour indicator: blue —> red
27
(11) properties of base?
ph of more than 7 taste bitter indicator: red —> blue
28
(12) word equation for combustion?
fuel (butane) + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
29
(12) word equation for acids and metals?
metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen
30
(12) word equation for metal carbonate and acids?
metal carbonate + acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
31
(12) word equation for precipitation?
two soluble reactants form a soluble product and an insoluble product (precipitate) reactant ab + reactant cd —> product ad + product bc
32
(13) decomposition?
a single compound breaks down into two or more substances reactant ab —> product a + product b
33
(13) neutralisation?
acids neutralise with bases (or vice versa) to become neutral always produces a salt and water
34
(14) test for hydrogen gas?
pop test
35
(14) test for carbon dioxide?
milky limewater
36
(14) test for oxygen gas?
glowing splint
37
why are indicators used in chemical experiments?
to identify chemical conditions
38
hydrocarbon + oxygen?
carbon dioxide + water + energy