term 1 chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Periodic table - periods

A

horizontal lines, shows how many valency shells the atom has.

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2
Q

periodic tables - groups

A

vertical columns, shows how many electrons in the valency shell.

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3
Q

the law of conservation of mass

A

during a chemical reaction, atoms cannot be created nor destroyed

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4
Q

anions

A

negatively charged, has more electrons than protons. (-ide suffix, placed after cations in equations)

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5
Q

cations

A

positively charged, has more protons than electrons.

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6
Q

factors that affect the rate of reaction - temperature - eg.

A

increases the speed of particles increase causing particles to collide faster and harder

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7
Q

factors that affect the rate of reaction - concentration -eg.

A

more likely to collide

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8
Q

factors that affect the rate of reaction - agitation -eg.

A

stirring substances speeds up reaction

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9
Q

factors that affect the rate of reaction - surface area - eg.

A

the more surface area the more it can interact with another substance.

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10
Q

factors that affect the rate of reaction - catalyst -eg.

A

“chemical helper” - reduces the amount of energy required eg. enzymes

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11
Q

materials - metals (bonds)

A

positively charged cations, they lose electrons

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12
Q

materials - non-metals (bonds)

A

negatively charged anions, they gain electrons

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13
Q

materials - ionic compounds (bonds)

A

substances made up of crystal lattice (positive ions (anions) and negative ions (cations))

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14
Q

ionic formula

A

metal ion + non-metal ion = ionic compund

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15
Q

the pattern of how many electrons in each shell (20)

A

2,8,8,2

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