Term 1 Flashcards
What is an anthropological subset
things such as religion, politics, kinship, gender, etc
religion deals with…
beliefs, worldview, meaning of life, ethics, lifestyle
Who said religion is “something eminently social”?
Emile Durkheim
What is the anthropological definition of relion?
belief in supernatural power, symbolic expression of feelings and rituals performed in order to influence the non-human realm (crapo 1993)
Who came up with universal obsessional neurosis?
Sigmund Freud?
What is universal obsessional neurosis?
cosmic projection. replaying of our love/fear relationships with our parents
Who believed religion results from the economic system?
Karl Marx
Karl Marx is the narrative of the…
ruling elite and an unjust social system, justifying oppression
what is the connection between religion and the public realm?
determines the social order
Western Christendom was the
Roman Catholic Church
What was the centre of religious and social life
the roman catholic church
Centrality, leadership,dominance in land ownership and the clergy are all what the …. had to function
Roman Catholic Church
What was the clergy
the educated class, both working for the kings and working as intermediaries between the landed and the masses
What problems does the clergy create
power struggles between spiritual and temporal leaders. The struggle between popes and kings
When did the modern age begin?
1500’s
Renaissance Humanism brought upon 4 progresses
beginning of question, growth of latin greek philosophy and science, criticism of medieval models of authority and morality and new styles of cultural production through art and literature
The protestant reformation started with an act of protest through…
martin luther’s 95 thesis and nailed them to the door
2 main ways Martin Luther changed the course of history
upset a church that had ruled for a thousand years and set in motion a sequence of revolution, war and conflict that would reshape wester civilization and bring on the modern era
Luther’s story is an account of:
the birth of the modern age, the collapse of medieval feudalism and the beginning of the ideals of freedom and liberty that are at the core of the 21 century
2 ways Luther attacked churches practice of selling indulgences in the famous 95 thesis
a criticism of the popes purpose in raising the money and a straightforward concern for his flock
Thomas More wrote a book called
Utopia - a perfect place, yet no place
Thomas More quesitons the
status quo, speaking of a work of equality and balanced religion
Other powerful forces acting in europe at the time
The printing press and the discovery of the new world
Who is vespucci?
he explored the coast of south america and his letters and notes were immediately printed
Two genres of the new world books
Happy utopian and sensational/unahppy
3 occurrences of secularism in the late 17th century include
the enlightenment/the age of reason, reason and individualism will overtake tradition and faith and the questioning of the power of religion over people
What is cognate ergo sum? Who said this?
I think, therefore I am, René Descartes
What clearly articulates freedoms, follows the pathways of logic, tests conclusions and defends the natural freedom of all?
rationalism
Rationalism ushers in the age of the….. based upon…..
public sphere based upon egalitarianism and concern for the common good
Who believes that all mankind being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions?
John Locke
What does Immanuel Kant believe?
there is nothing higher than reason
The clergy competes with
other public authorities
Secularism can oddly be seen as purifying the religious sphere because…
it gets rid of earthly matters and removes the corrupting forces of institutional powers interfering with spiritual matters
What is another word for multi faith and coexistence?
abstract faith
What is abstract faith for action?
secular not at odds with religion, more about interfaith dialogue, for real change there needs more than the blessing of a higher power and a science that does not corrupt inner spiritual values
José Casonoca provides these three useful connotations of secular
Decline of religious beliefs and practices, privatization of religion and differentiation of the secular spheres
Secularity could be said to be a trademark to ……
capitalism
Capitalism and secularism leaves religious organizations to….
rejection or adaptation
Why does the concept of official rejection of secularity not make sense?
people become rebellious and yet still participate in the economy
A highly secularized world necessarily implies survival by ….. of religious groups
adaptation
A decline of religion can be shown in
official state policies against head scarves, gay rights, abortion, tackling poverty
What is a multi faith organization
church groups working and cooperating together
…. did have secularizing effects, but its convoked serious counter-secularizing processes
modernization
traditionalist/orthodoc/conservative religiosity is on the rise through
islamic fundamentalism and christian fundamentalism
Fundamentalism is
counter secularism
what is the zeitgeist
the defining mood of a particular period
3 things that make up the concept of certainty
modernity calls all things into question eliminating certain truth, uncertainty is hard to bear, people support movements that’ll promise certainty
2 distinctions between official and individual secularism
loss of religious influence in public sphere as well as old and new relies practices continue to be powerful elements in people’s lives
2 exceptions in the fundamental general trend
western europe and western academic culture
Why is there continued resilience of religion in a modern, rational world?
we inhabit a world system that is disempowering and exploitative for the masses, political and economic marginality abound and religion is a powerful social institution for empowering and meaning in our unjust world
