Term 1 2025 - Adolescence and Change Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Adam’s apple?
A
A projection of the thyroid cartilage at the front of the neck.
2
Q
Define adolescence.
A
The time during which we mature from a child to an adult.
3
Q
What does cognitive refer to?
A
Relating to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgement and reasoning.
4
Q
What is conception?
A
The union of a female’s egg and a male’s sperm.
5
Q
Define culture.
A
Where we come from or the group with whom we identify; it is the ‘way of life’ of societies.
6
Q
What does diverse mean?
A
Varied or different.
7
Q
Emotional refers to what?
A
Our feelings.
8
Q
What is the endometrium?
A
The lining of the uterus, made of hormones, mucus and blood, which nourishes a foetus.
9
Q
What are follicles?
A
Small clusters of cells where human egg cells develop in the ovaries.
10
Q
Define gender.
A
Our beliefs about what it means to be a male or a female.
11
Q
What are genes?
A
The biological units through which we inherit traits from our parents.
12
Q
What does growth hormone do?
A
Causes a rapid growth spurt.
13
Q
Define hormone.
A
A substance in our bodies that affects how our bodies work and grow, produced by glands.
14
Q
What is identity?
A
Sense of self in terms of characteristics, beliefs, qualities, etc.
15
Q
What is menstruation?
A
The process of shedding the uterus lining, also known as a period.
16
Q
What is oestrogen?
A
The female reproductive hormone, produced in the ovaries.
17
Q
What are ovaries?
A
Part of a girl’s reproductive system that produces oestrogen and ova.
18
Q
Define ovulation.
A
The process of the ovary releasing an ovum.
19
Q
What is an ovum?
A
The egg produced by the ovaries; the plural is ova.
20
Q
What is a peer?
A
Someone who is of similar age or shares common interests.
21
Q
What does physical refer to?
A
Our body, particularly its movements, systems, and structures.
22
Q
Where is the pituitary gland located?
A
In the brain; it produces a number of different hormones.
23
Q
What are primary sex characteristics?
A
Characteristics directly necessary for reproduction; the ovaries and the testes.
24
Q
What is progesterone?
A
A hormone produced by the ovaries that sustains pregnancy.
25
Define puberty.
The time during which our bodies change physically so we can reproduce.
26
What are secondary sex characteristics?
Traits that distinguish females from males but are not directly part of the reproductive system.
27
What does social refer to?
Our interactions with other people.
28
What is sperm?
The male reproductive sex cell, produced in the testes.
29
Define stereotype.
A set of characteristics typically used to categorize a group of people.
30
What are testes?
Part of a boy’s reproductive system that produces testosterone and sperm.
31
What is testosterone?
The male reproductive hormone, produced in the testes.
32
What does unique mean?
One of a kind.
33
Define wellbeing.
A combination of a person’s physical, mental, emotional and social health factors.
34
What is a factor?
A circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result.
35
What is impact?
An effect or influence on something or someone.
36
What does transition mean?
To change from one phase, position, activity or skill to another.
37
What does belong mean?
Be a member of a particular group or organization.
38
What does identify mean?
Establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is.
39
Define environment.
The conditions that surround someone or something.
40
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?
* Menstruation phase (days 1–5)
* Follicular phase (days 1–13)
* Ovulation phase (day 14)
* Luteal phase (days 15–28).
41
What happens during the menstruation phase?
The endometrium, blood, and an unfertilised egg flow out from the uterus and the vagina.
42
What hormone is released during the follicular phase?
Follicle-stimulating hormone.
43
What triggers ovulation?
High levels of luteinising hormone.
44
What is the lifespan of an egg after ovulation?
Around 24 hours.
45
What is ovulation?
The release of a mature egg from the follicle.
46
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
Luteinising hormone.
47
How long is the life span of an egg?
Around 24 hours.
48
What happens if the ova does not meet sperm?
The egg will die.
49
What is the luteal phase?
The last phase of the menstrual cycle, approximately two weeks long.
50
What structure does the follicle transform into after releasing an egg?
Corpus luteum.
51
What hormones does the corpus luteum release?
Progesterone and small amounts of oestrogen.
52
What occurs around day 22 of a 28-day cycle if the ovum is not fertilised?
The corpus luteum will die.
53
What is menstruation?
The shedding of the uterine lining through the vagina as a menstrual period.
54
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation, follicular, ovulation, luteal.
55
Fill in the blank: Menstruation occurs for the first _______ days of the cycle.
five
56
Fill in the blank: For the _______ days after the end of menstruation, the lining of the uterus increases in thickness.
seventeen
57
Fill in the blank: For the _____ days after the end of menstruation, a new egg follicle develops in the ovary.
nine
58
Fill in the blank: Ovulation occurs on the ___________ day of the cycle.
fourteenth
59
Fill in the blank: Following ovulation between the __________ and _____________ day, the follicle develops into a gland called the corpus luteum.
fifteenth, twenty-second
60
Fill in the blank: If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum breaks down for the last _______ days of the cycle.
six
61
What factors can impact mood during puberty?
Hormonal changes, sadness, joy, anger, frustration, fatigue.
62
Why is it important to listen to our emotions?
To identify, manage, and understand them better.
63
What is the purpose of joy?
To express happiness.
64
What is the purpose of sadness?
To deal with hardship.
65
What is the purpose of anger?
To react to a situation.
66
What is the purpose of fear?
To protect yourself.
67
What is the purpose of anticipation?
To anticipate what’s happening.
68
What is the purpose of surprise?
To react in amazement and shock.
69
What is the purpose of disgust?
To be cautious.
70
What is the purpose of trust?
To build relationships.
71
True or False: Emotions have inherent moral value.
False.
72
List indicators of maturity.
* Increased self-awareness
* Improved emotional intelligence
* Greater responsibility
* Greater independence
* Greater self-confidence
* Increased self-control
* Improved communication skills
* Increased empathy
* Improved problem-solving skills
73
What should an adolescent look for when selecting a peer group?
* Shared interests
* Positive influence
* Respectful behaviour
* Healthy habits
* Similar values
74
Why is it important to select a peer group based on our values?
It helps to feel more connected and aligned with others.
75
Why do adolescents move away from their parents?
To develop their own identities and seek independence.
76
What is one consequence of expressing anger poorly?
It can lead to negative outcomes in relationships.
77
What are the components of an essay?
* Introduction
* Body paragraphs
* Conclusion
78
What does the NESA verb 'describe' mean?
Provide characteristics and features.
79
What does the NESA verb 'explain' mean?
Make the relationship between things evident by relating cause and effect.
80
What is consanguineal kinship?
Kinship based on blood or birth.
81
What does explain mean?
To make something clear or easy to understand
## Footnote
Examples: "Can you explain the concept of gravity?" or "Please explain how photosynthesis works."
82
What does describe mean?
To give a detailed account of something
## Footnote
Examples: "Describe your favorite vacation" or "Describe the process of photosynthesis."
83
What is a consanguineal kinship system?
A kinship system based on blood or birth
## Footnote
Etymology: con = together, sanguinary = blood.
84
Provide an example of a consanguineal kinship relationship.
The relationship between parents and children
## Footnote
This includes siblings as well.
85
Is the relationship between brother and brother an example of a consanguineal kinship system?
Yes
## Footnote
Both are related by blood.
86
Is the relationship between mother and son an example of a consanguineal kinship system?
Yes
## Footnote
This is also a blood relationship.
87
What is an affinal kinship system?
A kinship system based on marriage
## Footnote
Example: The relationship between husband and wife.
88
Is the relationship between husband and wife an example of an affinal kinship system?
Yes
## Footnote
This is a direct example of marriage-based kinship.
89
What is a social kinship system?
A kinship system based on a bond through social structures
## Footnote
Example: A religious or cultural group.
90
Is the bond between football players from the same team an example of a social kinship system?
Yes
## Footnote
This reflects a bond through shared social activities.
91
Is the relationship between two people who say hello to each other an example of a social kinship system?
No
## Footnote
This is a casual interaction, not a bond.
92
What are the three types of kinship systems?
* Consanguineal
* Affinal
* Social
93
What is the European (eskimo) kinship system?
A familiar kinship system characterized by specific naming conventions
## Footnote
This system is commonly recognized in Western cultures.
94
What is the Aboriginal/Hawaiian kinship system?
A kinship system where relationships are defined differently, often including broader definitions of siblings and parents
## Footnote
This reflects cultural differences in kinship recognition.
95
What is meant by 'country' in Aboriginal culture?
It refers to land, sea, and sky that hold cultural, spiritual, and historical significance
## Footnote
'Country' is central to Indigenous identity and traditions.
96
What is the difference between a welcome to country and an acknowledgement of country?
A welcome to country is a ceremony conducted by Indigenous elders, while an acknowledgement of country is a statement recognizing the traditional custodians of the land.
97
What are the factors of wellbeing?
* Social
* Physical
* Emotional
* Mental
98
What does social wellbeing mean?
The sharing, developing, and sustaining meaningful relationships with others
99
What does physical wellbeing mean?
The ability to maintain a healthy quality of life without undue fatigue or physical stress
100
What does emotional wellbeing mean?
How well people process their emotions and cope with life challenges
