term 1 2025 Flashcards
The structure of a bread mould
Rhizopus
Rhizoids - penetrate the bread
Stolons - Creep over the surface of the bread
Sporangiophores - Upright hyphae bearing spore producing *sporangia
All filaments together form what
Mycelium
Entangled mass of fine filaments called Hyphae( singular)
Why are viruses taken as non living
- They dont respire
- They can’t reproduce
Three methods that form a basis for the treatment of malaria
- Getting rid off the mosquito
- Preventing the mosquitoess from biting us
- Taking medication before entering high risk areas
Structures of a virus and a bacteria
Bacteria
* Have four shapes which are coccus ,bacillus ,sprilluim and vibro
* have a slime capsule
* Have nucleic acid
Virus
- Have regular symmetrical shapes :spherical ,spiral and some have tails (*similar to bacteria )
Characteristics of bacteria
Some bacteria are Autotrophic
and are Heterotrophic
Two types of autotrophic bacteria
Photosynthetic - Manufacture thier own food using light energy
Chemosynthetic - manufacture thier own food using the energy released from chemcal process
Mutualism and paratism
Mutualism - Where noth organisms in the relationship benefit
Paratism- where one benefits and the other is harmed
Tuberculosis (TB)
*myobacterium( bacteria causing) tuberculosis
Causes
* Attacks the lungs same with kidney , brain and spinal cord
HOW IT SPREADS
* When a person with active TB coughs the
pathogen becomes airborn
Symptoms
* Weakness or fatigue
* weight loss
* chills
Symptoms for malaria
- Headache
- Fever
- Sweating
- Abnormal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
Difference between latent and active TB
Latent
* No symptoms
* Doesn’t spread
* Positive skin test
Active
- Symptoms are active
- can spread to others
- positive skin test
Reasons why patients stop thier medications for TB
- Start to feel better
- It’s too expensive
Types of test for TB
- TB skin test and tissue culture
What are gymnosperms primarily characterized by?
Gymnosperms are characterized by having naked seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.
True or False: Angiosperms are known for producing flowers and fruits.
True
Fill in the blank: Pteridophytes reproduce via __________.
spores
What is a key characteristic of bryophytes?
Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that require water for reproduction.
Which group of plants includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Spermatophytes
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of angiosperms? A) Seed production B) Vascular tissue C) Naked seeds D) Flowers
C) Naked seeds
What type of vascular tissue is absent in bryophytes?
Xylem and phloem
True or False: Pteridophytes have true roots, stems, and leaves.
True
Fill in the blank: Gymnosperms typically have __________ leaves.
needle-like or scale-like
What is the primary method of reproduction for gymnosperms?
Seed production through cones
What type of plants are both pteridophytes and gymnosperms classified as?
Vascular plants
