Term 1 Flashcards
What is the Lock and key theory?
A model explaining how enzymes and substrates interact.
What is a co-enzyme?
The non-protein organic partner of enzymes.
What are saturated fatty acids?
Fatty acids that cannot take any more hydrogen atoms.
What are amino acids?
The building blocks or monomers of proteins.
What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?
The shape of the enzyme changes, and it can no longer function.
What is an organic catalyst?
A catalyst that contains the element carbon and is usually protein in nature.
What is the optimum rate?
The rate at which the most product is formed in the shortest space of time.
What are nucleotides?
The building blocks or monomers of nucleic acids.
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix shape.
What are disaccharides made up of?
Two monosaccharides.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are ______ in nature.
Protein
What is the primary function of Vitamin A?
Essential for the correct functioning of the eye.
What is the deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C?
Scurvy.
What is the organic compound that serves as a source of energy and stores energy?
Carbohydrate.
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol.
What vitamin prevents night blindness?
Vitamin A.
What vitamin increases the absorption of calcium?
Vitamin D.
What are polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates made up of more than two monosaccharides.
What enzyme acts as a co-enzyme in cellular respiration?
Vitamin B.
True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm.
False.
What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases until 37°C?
Enzyme activity increases until it reaches its maximum.
What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?
Enzyme activity peaks at a certain pH called the optimum pH.
What happens to enzymes at temperatures above their optimum?
They become denatured.
What is the role of genes in relation to enzymes?
Genes determine the enzymes that are formed.
Fill in the blank: The organic compound made up of H, C, and O whose monomer is monosaccharide is ______.
Carbohydrate
What is the function of Vitamin E?
Prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
What is the function of Vitamin D?
Increases absorption of calcium & phosphate salts.
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the main function of enzymes in industry?
They can be reused and do not require high temperatures.
What is the primary role of RNA?
Involved in protein synthesis.
What is a specific length of DNA called?
Gene.
What are the primary sources of Vitamin C?
Citrus fruits, guavas, tomatoes, potatoes.
What are the symptoms of Beri-beri?
Stunted growth and heart disorders.
What vitamin maintains intercellular substance in cartilage?
Vitamin D.
What is the effect of enzyme activity at 20°C?
Lower than optimum activity.
At what temperature does enzyme activity start to decrease?
Above 37°C.
What is the role of proteases in washing powders?
Break down protein stains.
What are examples of polysaccharides?
Glycogen, cellulose, starch.
What are polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates made up of more than two monosaccharides
Examples include glycogen, cellulose, and starch.
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Energy source and storage
Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to release energy.
What are disaccharides?
Double sugar molecules formed when two monosaccharide molecules chemically bond
Examples include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
What is a monosaccharide?
The simplest form of carbohydrates, also known as simple sugars.
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
What elements do organic compounds typically contain?
Carbon and hydrogen, and may also contain oxygen and other elements.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
What happens to a protein when it is denatured?
It cannot function.
What are lipids made up of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in lipids?
Greater than 2:1.
What is the function of enzymes?
Act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid with single bonds between carbon atoms and cannot take any more hydrogen atoms.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
- Saturated fats: Solid at room temperature
- Unsaturated fats: Liquid at room temperature
What is the function of lipids in the body?
- Store large amounts of energy
- Act as packing tissue between organs
- Provide insulation
What are the functions of proteins?
- Transport oxygen (hemoglobin)
- Structural components (keratin, myosin)
- Form cell components (cell membrane)
What is kwashiorkor?
A deficiency disease caused by a lack of protein.
What is the coronary artery?
A blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with food and oxygen.
Fill in the blank: A chain of 3 or more amino acids is called a _______.
polypeptide chain.
True or False: Enzymes are organic catalysts.
True.
What is the smallest unit of any substance called?
Building block or monomer.
What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
- Energy source
- Storage substances for energy
- Building materials
Describe the cell wall
- Is the rigid, outer, non-living part of a plant cell
- Is permeable (allows free movement of substances)
- 3 parts = Primary cell wall, Secondary cell wall and Middle lamella
Location of primary cell wall
Outside cell membrane
Describe the primary cell wall
- Is thin
- Composed of cellulose (cellulose=polysaccharide)
- Has small openings (called ;uts which contain plasmodesmata (cytoplasmic strands that connect adjacent cells))
- Is elastic
What are the functions of the primary cell wall?
- Protects living cell content
- Plasmodesmata facilitates transport of substances between cells
Location of Secondary cell wall
Btw. The secondary cell wall occur in older cells
- Develops between the cell membrane and primary cell wall
Describe the secondary cell wall
- Consists of thick cellulose fibres with lignen, a woody substance, in between
- Is inelastic
Function of Secondary cell wall
- Provides support and rigidity to the plant
Location of middle lamella
Outside the primary cell wall
Describe the middle lamella
- composed of pectin, a soluble jelly-like polysaccharide
Function of middle lamella
connects the cell walls of adjacent plant cell walls to each other
