Term 1

Question 1

ASCII

Answer 1

American standard code for information interchange
Standard ASCII: 7 bits
Extended ASCII: 8 bits

Question 2

Unicode

Answer 2

Universal code and used by most computers today, lots of versions, focus on 16-bit codes

Question 3

Text files

Answer 3

Files containing only text
Size = number of characters x bytes per character

Question 4

Binary files

Answer 4

All other files
More complicated formats
Eg. Docx

Question 5

Length of file

Answer 5

The total number of characters in the text file

Question 6

Overheads

Answer 6

The calculation builds in a bit of extra storage for things like the default margins, size and type of font

Question 7

Analogue data

Answer 7

Continuous overtime
Sound waves - amplitude

Question 8

Digital data

Answer 8

Discrete steps
Binary (1 = high, 0 = low)

Question 9

Sampling

Answer 9

The process of digitalising sound

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

A digital measurement of an analog system

Question 11

Sample resolution

Answer 11

The number of bits used to store each sample

Question 12

Sampling rate

Answer 12

How often samples are taken each second - Hertz

Question 13

Quantisation error

Answer 13

Data from the analogue wave which is not digitalised and therefore lost

Question 14

ADC

Answer 14

Analogue to digital converter
Used by microphones/sound cards to digitise sound waves in to binary

Question 15

DAC

Answer 15

Digital to analogue converter
Used by the computer before the sound is passed to the speakers

Question 16

Fidelity

Answer 16

The relationship between the original sound and the recording. The greater the fidelity, the greater similarity between them.

Question 17

Fidelity influences

Answer 17

Sample rate - samples taken
Sample resolution - number of bits for each sample

Question 18

Sound files calculations

Answer 18

= sample rate (Hertz) X resolution (bits) x length in seconds x channels (mono or stereo)

Question 19

MP3 file compression

Answer 19

Uses lossy compression algorithm called perceptual music shaping.
The algorithm removes:
- sound humans can’t hear
- the sound that’s quieter when two are playing at the same time

Question 20

Compressing text file

Answer 20

Uses lossless and Huffman encoding.
Store frequently used characters in shorter codes.

Question 21

Ethics

Answer 21

A field of knowledge that deals with morality

Question 22

Morality Vs ethics

Answer 22

Seen as a personal view of what is right or wrong whereas ethics are community established beliefs

Question 23

Computer ethics

Answer 23

A set of principles that guide the behaviour and use of computer systems like privacy and safety.

Question 24

Intellectual property

Answer 24

Copyright laws protect the creators exclusive rights to use, sell, or licence their work, preventing others from using it without permission.

AI companies argue that they are not truly using the creators work and that it’s just inspiration.

Question 25

Personal privacy

Answer 25

Businesses have been shown to sell your data for marketing companies

Question 26

Macleans rules on AI

Answer 26

1) plagiarism with AI - Using it as a part of work without mentioning it. 2) AI should enhance our learning, not replace personal effort or understanding 3) Why? - without proper ethical guidelines, AI could lead students to neglect their own personal learning or misused for cheating. Students privacy is also not securely handled.

Question 27

Encoding system that only uses 2 symbols

Answer 27

Binary

Question 28

A single symbol from a binary system

Answer 28

Bit

Question 29

A group of 8 bits

Answer 29

Byte

Question 30

The central unit of a computer that performs calculations and executes instructions to run programs.

Answer 30

CPU (the processor)

Question 31

Memory

Answer 31

A digital system component that stores data and instructions temporarily or permanently.

Question 32

Encoding

Answer 32

The symbols/techniques used to record information

Question 33

Opposite (in some way)

Answer 33

Complement

Question 34

To move sets of bits left or right

Answer 34

Shift

Question 35

Number of bits needed to encode a sample

Answer 35

Bit-depth

Question 36

Compression

Answer 36

A way of re-encoding (reformatting) information so it requires fewer number of bits

Question 37

Compression that loses information from the original

Answer 37

Lossy

Question 38

Compression that DOES NOT lose information from the original

Answer 38

Lossless

Question 39

how 2’s complement format is used to represent negative numbers.

Answer 39

The most significant bit (MSB) now has a negative value. The other bits remain positive. The value is determined by adding the values – taking into account the sign of the MSB.

Question 40

Overflow

Answer 40

when the number of bits in the solution exceeds the number of bits available