Term 1- Flashcards
What are the 4 sectors
-Primary sector
-Secondary sector
-Tertiary sector
-Quaternary sector
Role of the primary sector and examples(2)
Gathering resources (Farmers, miners)
Role of the secondary sector and an example
Manufacturing products with gathered resources (Factory workers)
Role of the tertiary sector and examples(3)
Services (Shopkeepers, lawyers, doctors)
Role of the quaternary sector
Jobs related to technology and research and development
Social deprivation
The extent to which a person, or a community, lacks what they really need to have a decent life, such as work, money, housing and services
Differences between housing in Filwood and Stoke Bishop (2 areas of Bristol) (3)
-Housing in Stoke Bishop seem larger and better quality
-Stoke Bishop housing has more features like driveways and front gardens
-Filwood shows cases of uncleared vandalism whilst Stoke Bishop is well maintained
How long has it been since the different areas of Bristol have been this unequal
since 1936
Social mobility
No matter the environment or the financial, parental and social circumstances, you can become anything you want if you put in enough effort and have the right mindset
Evidence of Filwood being socially deprived(3)
-Abundance of bullying, crime and drugs
-35% of pupils get free school meals
-Life expectancy is 3 years below the average city’s
Why are houses in Filwood low quality?
Most of the housing was built in the 1930s and 40s to replace slums and war damage.
What is the biggest category of crime in Filwood and why?
Violent crime, unemployment and in turn a need for money
Where is Stoke Bishop located and why is it popular?
North West of Bristol, it is popular because it overlooks the open space of Clifton downs and the gorge of the river Avon
What is the largest category of crime in Stoke Bishop and why(2)?
Anti-social behaviour
-Not much violent crime due to many residents’ age impeding their physical abilities
-Many residents are affluent and have no need to commit crime
An example of a greenfield and brownfield site
south Gloucestershire and Bristol harbourside
Advantages(4) and disadvantages(3) of housing developments on greenfield sites
Advantages:
-Lots of wildlife
-Large homes
-Less bustling, more peaceful
-A close community can be easy to build
Disadvantages:
-Expensive
-Recurring construction of other houses being built nearby
-Distant from infrastructure and services
Advantages(4) and disadvantages(3) of housing developments on brownfield sites
Advantages:
-Mostly apartments so can hold more people in the same size building than homes can
-Cheaper than homes
-Urban area so it is close to infrastructure
-Better for the environment to build on barren land than destroying greenfield sites for the same purpose
Disadvantages:
-Not as visually appealing as greenfield sites
-Accommodations are usually small
-Busy as it’s an urban area
Regeneration
The attempt to reverse decline by both improving the physical structure, and, more importantly and elusively, the economy of those areas
What does Temple Quarter aim to do to regenerate the area(3)?
-Modernize the area
-Enhance the current green infrastructure
-Make its attractions and itself more appealing
What are some specific targets of the temple quarter regeneration?(3)
-Create 4000 new jobs by 2020 and 17,000 by 2037
-240,000m squared of new or refurbished building for things like offices, homes and shops
-Redevelop the railway station
What are the 6 key regeneration projects in Bristol’s Temple Quarter and what do they each focus on?
-Glass wharf, new office development
-Engine Shed, high-tech and creative businesses
-Temple Studios, new technical and digital enterprises
-Temple Meads Station, major redevelopment to turn the station into a modern transport hub for the city
-Paintworks, new mixed use development
-‘Arena Island’, also has a bridge to the new Bristol Arena
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple Quay key info(2)
-Former Industrial area
-Main industries were ropeworks, timber yards, malthouses, glassworks and potteries
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple Quay regeneration objectives(3)
-Managing high levels of traffic whilst supporting enhanced pedestrian and cycle routes
-Making streets more appealing to more people
-Creating new vibrant modern streets and spaces
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple Quay’s strengths(4)
-Close to station
-The waterside setting of the floating harbour
-Ferry landing stage allows wider range of travel options
-Already has many trees on the streets
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple meads city gateway key info
wait for milo
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple meads city gateway regeneration objectives(3)
-Creating a strong, high quality, distinctive welcome for visitors to Bristol
-Improving pedestrian cycle and public transport links
-Creating an attractive and efficient, high quality public transport interchange
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Temple meads city gateway’s strengths(4)
-Historically significant buildings
-Important site in Bristol
-Waterside setting
-Strong green infrastructure
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Silverthorne lane key info
wait for milo
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Silverthorne lane regeneration objectives(3)
-Improving natural appearance of area
-Reducing congestion in narrow streets
-Integrating greenery to landscape
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Silverthorne lane’s strengths(2)
-Contains industrial historic landscape
-Feeder canal and floating harbour defines the character of the southern edge
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Avon Riverside key info(2)
-Old industrial buildings used for a range of light industries
-Green areas were formed by demolishing a former diesel depot
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Avon Riverside regeneration objectives(4)
-Lower congestion
-More greenery
-Form it into an aesthetic environment
-Protect habitats and simultaneously have publicly available greenery
Temple Quarter regeneration:
Avon Riverside’s strengths(3)
-Riverside landscape in an urban area
-Rich biodiversity
-Different levels of buildings allowing everywhere to have a nice view
How will the Temple Quarter redevelopment make more people want to move into the city?(2)
-Improved access in and around Bristol makes it easier to visit Bristol or visit all the places surrounding it
-It will become an enterprise zone, giving businesses a lot of incentive to move to the area
Bristol Arena project summary
An arena in the middle of an island to be built by the team who made London’s Millennium Dome and Olympic stadium. Was to be opened in 2018. A bridge will be built over the river along with a pedestrian and cycle bridge, and there will be many shops near it. Can be used for various events and was expected to hold up to 4000 people
What are the 3 important types of sustainability
-Economic sustainability
-Environmental sustainability
-Social sustainability
Sustainability
The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Why is urban sustainability important in the 21st century?(2)
-Population increase
-Cities put pressure on the natural environment by using inputs and subsequently producing outputs
The inputs(3) and outputs(3) of a city
Inputs:
-Food, most of it is grown outside the city on farms
-Energy, most energy comes from burning fuels that are drilled or mined
-Resources, building materials like timber and concrete as well as other resources we consume
Outputs:
-Waste, lots of it ends up in landfill sites outside the city, or is burnt
-Pollution, it can spread beyond the city in the air or water
-Sewage, it is treated in sewage works before being returned to the river
Describe Freiburg’s geographical location
-A city located near the border of south-west Germany
-East of France
-North of Switzerland
-Found in the Northern Hemisphere
-Roughly 270km west of Munich, another city in Germany
What does it mean to be socially sustainable?(3)
-Good living conditions for ordinary people
-Strong, happy community
-Good quality of life
What does it mean to be economically sustainable?
Lots of jobs and services to boost the economy
What does it mean to be environmentally sustainable?(3)
-Preserving the environment
-Lots of green infrastructure
-Good waste management
Proof Freiburg is a socially sustainable city?(3)
-Conferences about sustainability are held in the city
-Locals can invest in renewable energy resources
-In one district they have invested over £5M in 9 windmills, 8 solar energy systems and an HEP plant
-35 community collection points for recycling
Proof Freiburg is an economically sustainable city?(3)
-Many jobs have been created in the research and manufacture of solar technology
- A solar factory in Freiburg has employed 250 people to make solar panels
- More than 10,000 people are employed in 1500 environmental businesses in the city
-Financial rewards are given to those who compost their green waste and use textile nappies
Proof Freiburg is an environmentally sustainable city?(3)
-Freiburg has a biogas digester for organic waste which is collected weekly
-Annual waste disposal has been reduced form 140,000 tonnes to 50,000 tonnes in 12 years
-Freiburg has more than 88% of packaging waste recycled
Social planning…
takes into account people’s needs. It is important that people take part in decision making on the things that will affect their lives
Economic planning…
provides people with employment
Environmental planning…
ensures resources aren’t wasted and the environment is protected for future generations
Social impacts of traffic congestion
Greater accident risk
Environmental impacts of traffic congestion
Air pollution due to cars’ exhaust fumes
Economic impacts of traffic congestion
Delays can result in financial consequences i.e. late deliveries
Carrot (Incentive) and Stick (Punishment) approach
Using rewards and/or punishments to induce a desired behaviour
Incentives to reduce congestion in Beijing(2)
-Thirty new metro lines
-Rapid bus transit system to be built by 2020(currently the metro only serves half of Beijing’s population)
Punishments to reduce congestion in Beijing(4)
-Different cars are banned one day a week, based on their number plate
-Non-residents are not allowed to bring their car into the city
-Only 20% of people who apply to own a vehicle are allowed to do so
-Congestion charge and pollution tax to help improve air quality
Impact of Beijing’s congestion incentives and punishments
20% drop in car use
Incentives to reduce congestion in Freiburg(4)
-9000 bike racks
-4000km of cycle paths
-low transport fares, unlimited travel within the city
-You can use tickets for events like concerts as a free ticket for public transport
Punishments to reduce congestion in Freiburg
Restrictions on car parking spaces- £20,000
Incentives to reduce congestion in Singapore(4)
-Overhead railway
-Efficient bus network
-Financial rewards for only using cars on weekends
-Traffic lights are monitored to maintain a smooth, efficient flow of traffic
Punishments to reduce congestion in Singapore(4)
-Restricted entry to the city centre during rush hours
-Electronic road pricing on major roads
-High petrol prices
-Difficult to get a driver’s license
Impact of Singapore’s congestion incentives and punishments
-45% less traffic accidents
-25% less road accidents
Autocratic
Relating to a ruler who has absolute power
Why might Singapore and Beijing have better results with reducing congestion than Freiburg and Bristol?
Singapore and Beijing are autocratic societies, so they don’t have to worry as much about public backlash and protests, which will make implementing the rules easier
