Teratomas Flashcards
What percentage of teratomas in children are malignant?
20%
Are childhood teratomas more likely to be gonadal or extragonadal?
Extragonadal
After puberty, are teratomas more likely to be gonadal or extragonadal?
Gonadal
Intersex disorders are a risk factor for what types of malignancy?
Gonadoblastoma, which can differentiate into dysgerminoma, immature teratoma, or choriocarcinoma.
Androgen-deficient males (testosterone deficiency, androgen-insensitivity, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency) are at risk for malignancy with the presence of ___.
Any portion of a Y chromosome.
What is the risk of malignancy in androgen insensitivity? When should gonadectomy be performed?
3.6% at age 20, 22% at age 30. Gonadectomy should be performed at adolescence.
What is the chemotherapy regimen for malignant germ cell tumors?
PEB (platinum/cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin)
Elevated AFP indicates ___
Yolk sac tumor
Cuarrarino’s triad
Presacral teratoma
Anal stenosis
Sacral defects
Embryology of Cuarrarino’s triad
Adhesions between endoderm and ectoderm cause a split notochord, resulting in:
Presacral teratoma
Anal stenosis
Sacral defects
If a presacral mass in a neonate has been left in place, by what age should the AFP levels have returned to normal?
9mo
How is Cuarrarino’s triad inherited?
Autosomal dominant
Type I sacrococcygeal teratomas, frequency
Predominantly external, 46.7%
Type II sacrococcygeal teratomas, frequency
External with intrapelvic extension, 34.7%)
Type III sacrococcygeal teratomas, frequency
Visible external, but predominantly intrapelvic and abdominal, 8.8%
