Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

A mean guy hit the baby in the ear

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, neural tube defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenomcarcinoma

Congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Isotretinoin

Answer 7

Multiple severe birth defects

Question 8

Lithium

Answer 8

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 9

Methimazole

Answer 9

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 10

Phenytoin

Answer 10

Fetal hydantoin syndrome - cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia

Question 11

Tetracyclines

Answer 11

Discolored teeth

“Teethracyclines”

Question 12

Thalidomide

Answer 12

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, “flipper” limbs)

Question 13

Valproate

Answer 13

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption -> neural tube defects

ValproATE inhibits folATE absorption

Question 14

Warfarin

Answer 14

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Do not wage WARFARe on the baby; keep it HEPpy with HEParin (does not cross the placenta)

Question 15

Alcohol

Answer 15

Common cause of birth defects and intellectual disability; fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 16

Cocaine

Answer 16

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 17

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 17

Low birth weight (leading cause in developed countries), preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Nicotine -> vasoconstriction
CO -> impaired O2 delivery

Question 18

Iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 18

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 19

Maternal diabetes

Answer 19

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia aka mermaid sydrome), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects)

Question 20

Vitamine A (excess)

Answer 20

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion and birth defects (cleft lip, cardiac)

Question 21

X-Rays

Answer 21

Microcephaly, intellectual disability