Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
Renal damage
Alkylating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
A mean guy hit the baby in the ear
Carbamazepine
Facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, neural tube defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Vaginal clear cell adenomcarcinoma
Congenital Mullerian anomalies
Folate antagonists
Neural tube defects
Isotretinoin
Multiple severe birth defects
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
Phenytoin
Fetal hydantoin syndrome - cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth
“Teethracyclines”
Thalidomide
Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, “flipper” limbs)
Valproate
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption -> neural tube defects
ValproATE inhibits folATE absorption
Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Do not wage WARFARe on the baby; keep it HEPpy with HEParin (does not cross the placenta)
Alcohol
Common cause of birth defects and intellectual disability; fetal alcohol syndrome
Cocaine
Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption
Smoking (nicotine, CO)
Low birth weight (leading cause in developed countries), preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD
Nicotine -> vasoconstriction
CO -> impaired O2 delivery
Iodine (lack or excess)
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia aka mermaid sydrome), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects)
Vitamine A (excess)
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion and birth defects (cleft lip, cardiac)
X-Rays
Microcephaly, intellectual disability
