Teratogens Flashcards
Teratogen: ACE inhibitors/ ARBs
Effect on fetus: renal damage
Teratogen: Alkylating agents
Effect on fetus: Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Teratogen: Aminoglycosides
Effect on fetus: CN VIII toxicity (hearing defects)
Teratogen: Carbamazepine
Effect on fetus: Facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, neural tube defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Teratogen: DES (Diethylstilbestrol)
Effect on fetus: vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies
Teratogen: Folate antagonists
Effect on fetus: Neural tube defects
Teratogen: Isotretinoin
Effect on fetus: multiple secere birth defects
Teratogen: Lithium
Effect on fetus: Ebstein anomaly (atrialized RV)
Teratogen: Methimazole
Effect on fetus: Aplasia cutis congenita
Teratogen: Phenytoin
Effect on fetus: Fetal hydantoin syndrome - cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Teratogen: Tetracyclines
Effect on fetus: discolored teeth
Teratogen: Thalidomide
Effect on fetus: limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia- ‘flipper’ limbs
Teratogen: Valproate
Effect on fetus: Inhibition of maternal folate absorption -> neural tube defects
Teratogen: Warfarin
Effect on fetus: Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Teratogen: alcohol
Effect on fetus: most common cause of birth defects and intellectual disability,
fetal alcohol syndrome: retardation, microcephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart defects; if severe-> heart-lung fistulas and holoprosencephaly (failure of cell migration)
Teratogen: cocaine
Effect on fetus: abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction
Placental abruption increased risk
Teratogen: smoking (nicotine, CO)
Effect on fetus: low birth weight (leading cause in developed countries), preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction), ADHD
Teratogen: iodine (lack or excess)
Effect on fetus: congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Teratogen: maternal diabetes
Effect on fetus: caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects
Teratogen: vitamin A excess
Effect on fetus: high risk of spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)
Teratogen: x-rays
Effect on fetus: microencephaly, intellectual disability
