Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Ototoxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizer used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Sulfonamides cause kernicterus

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 8

Methimazole

Answer 8

Aplasia cutis congenita (congenital focal absence of epidermis)

Methimazole treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroperoxidase

Question 9

Phenytoin

Answer 9

Fetal hydantoin syndrome (also caused by exposure to carbamazepine) - microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth

Question 11

Thalidomide

Answer 11

Limb defects (“tha-limb-domide)

Treats leprosy and multiple myeloma

Question 12

Valproate

Answer 12

Neural tube defects (inhibit maternal folate absorption)

Question 13

Warfarin

Answer 13

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

Unlike warfarin, heparin does NOT cross the placenta

Question 14

Maternal diabetes

Answer 14

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia; sirenomelia, aka mermaid syndrome), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Question 15

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 15

Cartilage damage

Question 16

Clarithromycine

Answer 16

Embryotoxic

Question 17

Ribavirin

Answer 17

Teratogen

Question 18

Griseofulvin

Answer 18

Teratogen

Question 19

Chloramphenicol

Answer 19

Gray baby