Teratogens Flashcards
What are factors affecting teratogenecity?
Timing, dose (amount/frequency/duration), fetal and maternal metabolism, genetic susceptability
What are characteristics of teratogens?
- fetus is most susceptible during organogenesis (weeks 3-10)
What teratogen is caused by thalidomide used as sleeping medication and anti-nausea during pregnancy in 1950’s?
Thalidomide Teratogen
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- phocomelia: limbs are extremely shortened so the hands and feet arise close to the trunk. Defects in the eyes, ears, heart, genitals, kidneys, digestive, tract, and nervous system
Thalidomide teratogen
What teratogen has the highest risk at 3-8 weeks of gestation?
Thalidomide Teratogen
What teratogen is caused by morning sickness medication containing an antihistamine, antispasmotic, and vitamin B6
Bendectin
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- limb and other musculoskeletal deformities, facial and brain damage, defects of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and genital-urinary systems, blood disorders and cancer
Bendectin
What teratogen is caused by ACE inhibitors used for treatment of hypertension?
ACE Inhibitors Teratogen
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- decreased renal blood flow (possibly reversible), skull hypoplasia, hypotension, anuria
ACE inhibitors teratogen
What teratogen has a morbidity rate of 10%-20%?
ACE inhibitors Teratogen
What teratogen is caused by lithium used for treatment of bipolar disorder?
Lithium Teratogen
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- Ebstein’s anomaly: tricuspid valve inferiorly displaced
Lithium teratogen
What teratogen is caused by the use of accutane a treatment of acne?
Isotretinoin (Accutane) Teratogen
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- Neural crest defects: CNS, cardiac, ear, thymic, branchial arch anomalies, cerebellar hypoplasia
Isotretinoin (Accutane) Teratogen
What teratogen is caused by anti-convulsant medication?
Carbamazepine/phenytoin Teratogen
The following phenotype is characteristic of what teratogen:
- neural tube defects: risk is 1%-3% phenytoin causes nail hypoplasia?
Carbamazepine/phenytoin/valproic acidTeratogen
What teratogen is caused by a medication used for the treatment of multiple cancers, dermatomyositis, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, malignant meningitis, mycosis fungoides, severe psoriasis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, wegener’s granulomatosis
Methotrexate Teratogen
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- multiple organ system/structure anomalies
Methotrexate Teratogen
What teratogen is usually taken during the 1st trimester. Shows dose response?
Methotrexate Teratogen
What teratogen is caused by chronic alcoholism (>6-8 drinks/day) during pregnancy: results in intracellular Ca2+ changes that alter signaling cascades. Gene targets: sonic hedgehog, Fgf-8, Pax6
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What teratogen has a recurrence risk of 1/2,000?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- impaired somatic and brain growth, cognitive and executive function deficits, facial dysmorphology, microcephaly, learning disability, ADHD, impulsive, poor memory, conduct disorder, inwardly curved pinky finger, multiple ear folds
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
In what teratogen does 1st month exposure produce the most significant effect?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What teratogen is caused by paint sniffing and is similar to symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Toluene
What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- abruptio placenta, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, cognitive and behavioral differences, vasoconstriction leads to decreased placental blood flow , GI problems
Cocaine
What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- smaller putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, clefting anomalies, cardiac and growth anomalies?
Methamphetamine
What recreational drug teratogen has remodeling of synaptic morphology in animals?
Methamphetamine
What recreational drug teratogen has an effect on higher executive function?
Marijuana
What recreational drug has no consistent link with birth abnormalities?
Marijuana
What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- poor fetal growth, behavioral (hyperactivity) disorder, IQ deficit, some congenital anomalies?
Tobacco
What teratogen is due to exposure to shellfish containing methyl mercury compounds in Japan, mine waste in New Mexico
Methylmercury (Minamata disease)
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- microcephaly, mental retardation, cerebral palsy
Methylmercury (Minamata disease)
What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- impaired CNS function
Lead Teratogen
