Teratogens

Question 0

What are factors affecting teratogenecity?

Answer 0

Timing, dose (amount/frequency/duration), fetal and maternal metabolism, genetic susceptability

Question 1

What are characteristics of teratogens?

Answer 1

• fetus is most susceptible during organogenesis (weeks 3-10)

Question 2

What teratogen is caused by thalidomide used as sleeping medication and anti-nausea during pregnancy in 1950’s?

Answer 2

Thalidomide Teratogen

Question 3

What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- phocomelia: limbs are extremely shortened so the hands and feet arise close to the trunk. Defects in the eyes, ears, heart, genitals, kidneys, digestive, tract, and nervous system

Answer 3

Thalidomide teratogen

Question 4

What teratogen has the highest risk at 3-8 weeks of gestation?

Answer 4

Thalidomide Teratogen

Question 5

What teratogen is caused by morning sickness medication containing an antihistamine, antispasmotic, and vitamin B6

Answer 5

Bendectin

Question 6

What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- limb and other musculoskeletal deformities, facial and brain damage, defects of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and genital-urinary systems, blood disorders and cancer

Answer 6

Bendectin

Question 7

What teratogen is caused by ACE inhibitors used for treatment of hypertension?

Answer 7

ACE Inhibitors Teratogen

Question 8

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- decreased renal blood flow (possibly reversible), skull hypoplasia, hypotension, anuria

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors teratogen

Question 9

What teratogen has a morbidity rate of 10%-20%?

Answer 9

ACE inhibitors Teratogen

Question 10

What teratogen is caused by lithium used for treatment of bipolar disorder?

Answer 10

Lithium Teratogen

Question 11

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- Ebstein’s anomaly: tricuspid valve inferiorly displaced

Answer 11

Lithium teratogen

Question 12

What teratogen is caused by the use of accutane a treatment of acne?

Answer 12

Isotretinoin (Accutane) Teratogen

Question 13

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- Neural crest defects: CNS, cardiac, ear, thymic, branchial arch anomalies, cerebellar hypoplasia

Answer 13

Isotretinoin (Accutane) Teratogen

Question 14

What teratogen is caused by anti-convulsant medication?

Answer 14

Carbamazepine/phenytoin Teratogen

Question 15

The following phenotype is characteristic of what teratogen:

- neural tube defects: risk is 1%-3% phenytoin causes nail hypoplasia?

Answer 15

Carbamazepine/phenytoin/valproic acidTeratogen

Question 16

What teratogen is caused by a medication used for the treatment of multiple cancers, dermatomyositis, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, malignant meningitis, mycosis fungoides, severe psoriasis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, wegener’s granulomatosis

Answer 16

Methotrexate Teratogen

Question 17

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- multiple organ system/structure anomalies

Answer 17

Methotrexate Teratogen

Question 18

What teratogen is usually taken during the 1st trimester. Shows dose response?

Answer 18

Methotrexate Teratogen

Question 19

What teratogen is caused by chronic alcoholism (>6-8 drinks/day) during pregnancy: results in intracellular Ca2+ changes that alter signaling cascades. Gene targets: sonic hedgehog, Fgf-8, Pax6

Answer 19

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 20

What teratogen has a recurrence risk of 1/2,000?

Answer 20

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 21

What teratogen has the following phenotype:
- impaired somatic and brain growth, cognitive and executive function deficits, facial dysmorphology, microcephaly, learning disability, ADHD, impulsive, poor memory, conduct disorder, inwardly curved pinky finger, multiple ear folds

Answer 21

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 22

In what teratogen does 1st month exposure produce the most significant effect?

Answer 22

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 23

What teratogen is caused by paint sniffing and is similar to symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 23

Toluene

Question 24

What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- abruptio placenta, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, cognitive and behavioral differences, vasoconstriction leads to decreased placental blood flow , GI problems

Answer 24

Cocaine

Question 25

What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- smaller putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, clefting anomalies, cardiac and growth anomalies?

Answer 25

Methamphetamine

Question 26

What recreational drug teratogen has remodeling of synaptic morphology in animals?

Answer 26

Methamphetamine

Question 27

What recreational drug teratogen has an effect on higher executive function?

Answer 27

Marijuana

Question 28

What recreational drug has no consistent link with birth abnormalities?

Answer 28

Marijuana

Question 29

What recreational drug teratogen has the following phenotype:
- poor fetal growth, behavioral (hyperactivity) disorder, IQ deficit, some congenital anomalies?

Answer 29

Tobacco

Question 30

What teratogen is due to exposure to shellfish containing methyl mercury compounds in Japan, mine waste in New Mexico

Answer 30

Methylmercury (Minamata disease)

Question 31

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- microcephaly, mental retardation, cerebral palsy

Answer 31

Methylmercury (Minamata disease)

Question 32

What teratogen has the following phenotype:

- impaired CNS function

Answer 32

Lead Teratogen