Teratogens Flashcards
when is fetus most susceptible to teratogens?
3-8 weeks of pregnancy
result of teratogen before week 3
all-or-none effects
result of week 8 teratogen use
growth and function affected
give effects on fetus for ACE inhibitors
renal damage
give effects on fetus for alkylating agents
absence of digits, multiple anomalies
give effects on fetus for aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
give effects on fetus for carbamazepine
neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypolasia, developmenta delay;
IUGR
give effects on fetus for DES
vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma;
congential Mullerian anomalies
give effects on fetus for folate antagonists
neural tube defects
give effects on fetus for lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly => atrialized right ventricle
give effects on fetus for phenytoin
fetal hydantoin syndrome => microcephaly, dysmorphic cranio features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR mental retardation
give effects on fetus for tetracyclines
discolored teeth
give effects on fetus for thalidomide
limb defects => flipper limbs
give effects on fetus for valproate
inhibition of maternal folate absorption =>
neural tube defects
give effects on fetus for warfarin
bone deformities; fetal hemorrhage; abortion; opthalmologic abnormalites
instead of warfarin, what other blood thinner should a pregnant woman take?
heparin (does not cross placenta)
give effects on fetus for alcohol
leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation;
fetal alcohol syndrome
give effects on fetus for cocaine
abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption
give effects on fetus for smoking (nicotine, CO)
preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD
give effects on fetus for iodide (lack or excess)
congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
give effects on fetus for maternal diabetes
caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia);
congenital heart defects; neural tube defects
give effects on fetus for vitamin A (excess)
extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
give effects on fetus for X-rays
Microcephaly;
mental retardation
Describe fetal alcohol syndrome
alcohol increases congenital malformities;
mental retardation; microcephaly; holoprosencephaly; facial abnormalities;
limb dislocation; heart and lung fistulas
