Teratogens

Question 1

when is fetus most susceptible to teratogens?

Answer 1

3-8 weeks of pregnancy

Question 2

result of teratogen before week 3

Answer 2

all-or-none effects

Question 3

result of week 8 teratogen use

Answer 3

growth and function affected

Question 4

give effects on fetus for ACE inhibitors

Answer 4

renal damage

Question 5

give effects on fetus for alkylating agents

Answer 5

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 6

give effects on fetus for aminoglycosides

Answer 6

CN VIII toxicity

Question 7

give effects on fetus for carbamazepine

Answer 7

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypolasia, developmenta delay;
IUGR

Question 8

give effects on fetus for DES

Answer 8

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma;

congential Mullerian anomalies

Question 9

give effects on fetus for folate antagonists

Answer 9

neural tube defects

Question 10

give effects on fetus for lithium

Answer 10

Ebstein’s anomaly => atrialized right ventricle

Question 11

give effects on fetus for phenytoin

Answer 11

fetal hydantoin syndrome => microcephaly, dysmorphic cranio features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR mental retardation

Question 12

give effects on fetus for tetracyclines

Answer 12

discolored teeth

Question 13

give effects on fetus for thalidomide

Answer 13

limb defects => flipper limbs

Question 14

give effects on fetus for valproate

Answer 14

inhibition of maternal folate absorption =>

neural tube defects

Question 15

give effects on fetus for warfarin

Answer 15

bone deformities; fetal hemorrhage; abortion; opthalmologic abnormalites

Question 16

instead of warfarin, what other blood thinner should a pregnant woman take?

Answer 16

heparin (does not cross placenta)

Question 17

give effects on fetus for alcohol

Answer 17

leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation;

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 18

give effects on fetus for cocaine

Answer 18

abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 19

give effects on fetus for smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 19

preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 20

give effects on fetus for iodide (lack or excess)

Answer 20

congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 21

give effects on fetus for maternal diabetes

Answer 21

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia);

congenital heart defects; neural tube defects

Question 22

give effects on fetus for vitamin A (excess)

Answer 22

extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 23

give effects on fetus for X-rays

Answer 23

Microcephaly;

mental retardation

Question 24

Describe fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 24

alcohol increases congenital malformities;
mental retardation; microcephaly; holoprosencephaly; facial abnormalities;
limb dislocation; heart and lung fistulas