Teratogenesis Flashcards
Aminoglycosides
Ototoxicity CN 8
Fluoroquinolones
Cartilage damage “qunioLONEs hurt the BONES”
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth
Cyclophosphamide
Ear and facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, absence of digits
MTX
Neural tube defects and abortion
ACE Inhibitors
Renal malformations
Carbamazepine
Neural tube defects- spina bifida, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Valproic acid
Neural tube defects- spina bifida
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption
ValproATE inhibits folATE absorption
Phenytoin
Fetal hydantoin syndrome- cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia
Lithium
Mood stabilizer, cause Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
Statins
CNS and limb abnormalities, interfere with cholesterol synthesis
Warfarin
Facial/limb/CNS anomalies, spontaneous abortions
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Do not wage WARFARe on the baby; keep it HEPpy with HEParin (does not cross placenta)
Isotretinoin
Spontaneous abortions, birth defects
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma
Thalidomide
Phocomelia (limb deformities)
Micromelia- flipper limbs
LIMB defects with “tha-LIMB-domide”
Alkylating agents
absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
Alcohol
Intellectual disability and birth defects
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Cocaine
Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction
Placental abruption
Smoking
Low birth weight
Preterm labor
Placental problems
IUGR, ADHD
Iodine
Congenital goiter and hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome
Congenital heart defects
Neural tube defects
Vitamin A
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects
X-rays
Microcephaly, intellectual diability
Minimized by lead shielding
