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Embryology > Teratogenesis > Flashcards

Teratogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage Damage

A

Levofloxacin

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2
Q

Discoloured teeth

A

Tetracycline

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3
Q

Ebstein anomaly

A

Lithium

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4
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Ethanol (Alcohol)

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5
Q

Limb hypoplasia

A

Thalidomide, Cyclophosphamide

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6
Q

Spine bifida

A

Carbamazepine, Valproic acid

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7
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Gentamicin (Aminoglycosides)

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8
Q

Neural tube defects

A

Methotrexate

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9
Q

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

Phenytoin

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10
Q

Spontaneous abortions

A

Isotretinoin

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11
Q

Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

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12
Q

Cause of Intrauterine Restriction syndrome from decreased blood flow to fetus?

A

Cocaine or Tobacco

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13
Q

Category X drugs (list)

A 
Methotrexate
Statins
Warfarin
Isotretinoin
Diethystilbestrol (DES)
Thalidomide
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14
Q

Time at which a fetus is MOST susceptible to teratogens?

A

Organogenesis (Weeks 3-8)

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15
Q

What week does the 4-chambered heart begin to develop?

A

Week 4 (4 chambers, week 4)

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16
Q

What week does genitalia begin to take on a visible sex-specific characteristics?

A

Week 10

17
Q

What week does fetal movement begin?

A

Week 8 (“Gait rhymes with 8”)

18
Q

What week do limb buds begin to develop?

A

Week 4 (4 limbs, week 4)

19
Q

Most common cause of neural tube defects?

A

Folate deficiency

20
Q

Most common cause of congenital malformation in the U.S.?

A

Alcohol use

21
Q

Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the U.S.?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

22
Q

Clinical features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

A 
Smooth philtrum
Thin upper lip
Small palpebral fissues with wide set eyes
Developmental delay
Intellectual disability

Embryology (2 decks)

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