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Tentaaa Flashcards

1
Q

CBT is an abbreviation for… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Compulsive Behaviour Treatment
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Cognitive Biological Treatment
  • Comorbidity Balancing Therapy
A
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (förändra beteendemönster)
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2
Q

Ange det korrekta påståendet om ångest! (1p)

Välj ett alternativ:

  • Vid ångest ska alltid farmakologisk behandling ges
  • Ångest är alltid ett psykiatriskt och patologiskt tillstånd
  • Ångest är ett symtom vid flera psykiatriska sjukdomstillstånd
A
  • Ångest är ett symtom vid flera psykiatriska sjukdomstillstånd
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3
Q

Comorbidity in a psychiatric context means… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • More than one member of the family suffers from psychiatric illness
  • Self-harm with fatal (leading to death) outcome
  • The person suffers from more than one psychiatric condition
  • Number of persons committing suicide each year in a specific country
A
  • The person suffers from more than one psychiatric condition
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4
Q

SSRI is an abbreviation for… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • …Selective Serotonin Reuptake Increase
  • …Serotonergic Syndrome Risk Inhibitor
  • …Selective Sertraline Reuptake Increase
  • …Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
A
  • …Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
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5
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, is a scale used in suicide assessment. (1p)

Choose the correct alternative:

  • True
  • False
A
  • False
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6
Q

The most common side effect of SNDI/mirtazapin is weight loss (2p)

Select one alternative:

  • False
  • True
A
  • False
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7
Q

In your roll as a nurse, what is important to consider when meeting a patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder? One or more alternative is correct. (3p)

Välj ett eller flera alternativ:

  • To give step by step information
  • Recurring encounters should follow the same routines
  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds
  • To speak with a loud voice
A
  • To give step by step information
  • Recurring encounters should follow the same routines
  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds
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8
Q

You are a nurse at the medical center. One of your nurse colleagues tells you that he has an appointment with a patient diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder for a blood pressure check. By reading the physician’s documentation he understands that the patient has disabilities and impairments related to the psychiatric disorder.

Your colleague knows that every individual with ASD is unique, but he seeks your general advice on what to consider in the encounter with a patient with ASD.

  • What general advice can you give your colleague? Give 3 suggestions, describe and justify your suggestions! (6p)
A
  • Bristande mentaliseringsförmåga
  • svårt att se sig själv i ett annat perspektiv och förstå hur andra tycker och tänker.
  • Minska stora förändringar, ej uppskattat
  • Hastigt uppkomna/ ändrad planer, leder till oro.
  • Rutinbrott leder till känslan av att ”allt faller samman”
  • Personer i autismspektrumet har ofta en grej som dem är väldigt insnöade på och kan allt om ex. tåg eller indisk kultur, finns alltid något att prata om.
  • Det sociala spelet är ej deras starkaste sida.
  • De tycker generellt inte om beröring.
  • Ljus- och ljudkänsliga.
  • De tycker det är obehagligt med ögonkontakt.
  • Vill ha det “på deras sätt”
  • Svårt med kroppsspråk

Råd: Ifall planer eller dylikt behöver förändras, informera patienten långt innan förändringen kommer äga rum. De har svårt att driva ett samtal, även fast de är intresserade, en tyst minut är inget dåligt. Hitta patientens hobby för att använda det som verktyg att driva vidare i samtalet ifall det tar stopp. Undvik kroppskontakt, ifall ej möjligt prioritera extremiteterna.

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9
Q
  1. You work as a nurse at a health center and will now have an ECG (EKG) on a patient who has been diagnosed with PTSD after sexual abuse. You know that every individual with PTSD is unique. But what do you need to consider in the encounter with this specific patient?
  2. What is the most common psychological therapy for PTSD as well as other anxiety disorders?
  3. What is the most common pharmacologic Therapy for patient suffering from anxiety disorders?

(totalt 4p)

A
  1. Om det är motsatta könet så ska man vara lyhörd och se till att det är okej att man genomför undersökningen. Förklara hur undersökningen kommer gå till innan så hon är förberedd på att du kommer antasta brösten.
  2. KBT Kognitiv beteende terapi
  3. SSRI-preparat (Selektiva serotoninåterupptagshämmare), SNRI
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10
Q

Choose the correct statement about anxiety! (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Anxiety is always a pathologic and psychiatric condition
  • Anxiety must be treated with pharmacological therapies
  • Anxiety is a symptom in several psychiatric disorders
A
  • Anxiety is a symptom in several psychiatric disorders
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11
Q

Choose the correct symptoms and conditions related to Bipolar II Disorder (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Periods of depression, euthymia/neutral mood, hypomania and mania
  • Periods of depression, euthymia/neutral mood and hypomania
A
  • Periods of depression, euthymia/neutral mood, hypomania
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12
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, is a scale used in suicide assessment (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • True
  • False
A
  • False
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13
Q

Symptoms and conditions associated with Major Depressive Disorder (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Period of depression
  • Period of mania
  • Period of hypomania and mania
A
  • Period of depression
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14
Q

Describe psychosis and schizophrenia and how the concepts are related to eachother! (4p)

A

Psykos är ett tillstånd med en grupp av symtom (hallucinationer, vanföreställning) som indikerar på att man har tappat verklighetsuppfattningen. Psykos har en utlösande faktor, vilket kan differentiera från person till person, ex. efter födsel av barn eller Schizofreni. Schizofreni är en psykiatrisk psykossjukdom som speglar diverse symtom som apati, defekt social funktion och psykos. Vanligt att en person med Schizofreni får psykos men det behöver inte vara tvärtom.

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15
Q

Treating elder persons with SSRI is associated with… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Risk of hyponatremia
  • Risk of fractures and fall injuries
  • Risk of addiction
A
  • Risk of hyponatremia
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16
Q

True or false statement?

Depressions are more common among men compared to women of physiological and psychosocial reasons? (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • False
  • True
A
  • False
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17
Q

Hallucinations are common symptoms in several psychotic disorders. Choose the correct statement (påstående) regarding hallucinations! (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Hallucinations are false fixed beliefs and can not be corrected by reasoning.
  • Hallucinations are sensatory perceptions without external stimulus related to sight, hearing, smell, taste and/or touch
  • Hallucinations are involuntary (ofrivilliga) movements and extrapyramidal sensations
A
  • Hallucinations are sensatory perceptions without external stimulus related to sight, hearing, smell, taste and/or touch
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18
Q

Sad persons scale is a scale to illustrate what can be called statistic risk factors for suicide. It covers 10 points whose initials form the word SAD PERSONS. Name six of these words and describe what they mean. (A description must be available for each word for full points). (6p)

A

S - (Sex) – kön, män oftare än kvinnor
A - (Age) – ålder, över 45-50 år oftare än under
D - (Depression) – med känslor av hopplöshet, värdelöshet, hjälplöshet och frånvaro
av framtidsplaner

P - (Previous Attempt) – tidigare försök medför ökad risk
E - (Ethanol and Drug Abuse) – missbruk
R - (Rational Thinking Loss) – tankestörningar
S - (Social Supports Lacking) – socialt stödnät saknas
O - (Organized Plan) – aktiva suicidplaner
N - (No Spouse) – ogift, bor ensam
S - (Sickness) – kronisk, allvarlig, smärtsam fysisk sjukdom

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19
Q

In your roll as a nurse, what is important to consider when meeting a patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder? (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds.
  • To speak with loud voice.
  • To provide all information quickly so that the patient maintain concentration.
  • Use a lot of body language.
A
  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds.
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20
Q

Side effects of first generation antipsychotics are… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism
  • Extreme weight gain and hypertension
  • Agranulocytosis and extrapyramidal symptoms
A
  • Tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism
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21
Q

Select the anxiety disorder characterized by persistent, intense and irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation and high level of anxiety in response to the object, activity or situation. (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • Panic Disorder
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Phobia
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A
  • Phobia
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22
Q
  1. You have been working in the emergency room for some time and have met a patient named Kenny several times. Kenny is 36 years old and works as a warehouse worker but has lately had a hard time managing his work. He has been to the emergency room several times with high levels of ethanol in his blood and has now been diagnosed with alcohol abuse. What is the definition of substance abuse 2p:
  2. Kenny is depressed and afraid of losing his job. Name two other consequences that long-term use of psychoactive substances can cause 1p:
  3. 50 percent of the individuals with substance used disorder have another cooccurring (samtidigt förekommande) psychiatric disorder. But there is also common with medical and physical (fysisk) comorbidity (samsjuklighet). What diseases can Kenny experience if he continue using alcohol? 1p
  4. Kenny does not think he has any problems with alcohol and he tells you that he has never had alcohol withdrawl (alkoholabstinens). You are now going to tell Kenny what the symptoms of alcohol withdrawl are, what do you tell him? 2p
A
  1. Regelbundet användande av substans som faller utanför medicinska/sociala acceptansen och den enda meningen för användandet är att förändra sitt beteende, känslor eller känsla av medvetandetillstånd.
    • Förändringar/påverkan på hjärnstruktur och funktion.
    • Psykologiska/Psykosociala problem
    • Fängelse
    • Kardiovaskulära sjukdomar
    • Sjukdomar i gastrointestinala systemet
    • Wernicke-Korsakoffs syndrom. Wernicke-Korsakoffs syndrom (WKS) är en neuropsykiatrisk rubbning som främst drabbar personer med alkoholberoende i abstinensfas.

4.
- Hög hjärtfrekvens
- Högt blodtryck
- Ökning av temperatur
- Skakningar
- Kräkningar
- Svettningar
- Grand mal seizures (motoriska anfall - epilepsi)
- Neuropsykiatrisk rubbning –> du blir galen /;3;/

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23
Q

'’Match the neurotransmitters with their functions/impact! (3p)

Please match the values:

A. Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine

  1. Regulates bowel movements (tarmrörelser)
    and/or mood
  2. Regulates arousal and alertness (vakenhet)
  3. Cognition, motivation, movement
A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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24
Q

Select the correct statement regarding benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine treatment.

Select one alternative: (1p)

  • Ineffective in alleviating (sv. “lindra”) anxiety
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
  • Increased risk of suicide in the beginning of the treatment
  • Often a suitable drug for older people
  • Increased risk of heart attack in the beginning of the treatment
A
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
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25
Q

Hallucinations are common symptoms in several psychotic disorders. Choose the correct statement (påstående) regarding hallucinations! (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Hallucinations always include perceptions from at least two senses (hearing, vision, smell, touch, taste)
  • Hallucinations are involuntary (ofrivilliga) movements and extrapyramidal sensations
  • Hallucinations are sensatory perceptions. They are not triggerd by external stimulus.
A
  • Hallucinations are sensatory perceptions. They are not triggerd by external stimulus.
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26
Q

Correct and incorrect statements regarding suicide risk factors! (2p)

Please match the values:

A. Correct
C. Incorrect

  1. Drug and alcohol abuse
  2. Physical illness
  3. History of suicidal behaviour in family
  4. Psychiatric disorder
A
  1. Correct
  2. Correct (Kronisk smärta)
  3. Correct
  4. Correct
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27
Q

As a nurse in a professional context I correctly use the term… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • “A patient with schizophrenia”
  • “A schizophrenic patient”
A
  • “A patient with schizophrenia”
28
Q

Depression and bipolar disorder are two different diagnoses. Describe what makes them different and how they are are similar. (Beskriv vad som skiljer dem åt och på vilket sätt de är lika) (4p)

A

Depression är en sjukdom som du kan bli av med, medan bipolär sjukdom är en psykiatrisk kronisk sjukdom som varar livet ut. Vid bipolär sjukdom går dem depressiva perioderna i skov. Medan en depressiv människa generellt är nere så länge sjukdomen varar. Depression har heller inga ”höga” perioder av hög självkänsla och hyperaktivitet som bipolär sjukdom har. Båda sjukdomarna har en form av hereditet, men erhållandet av depression kan påverkas markant av omgivningen.

29
Q

Please match the values regarding psychotic disorders: (4p)

A. Negative symptom
B. Positive symptom

  1. Poor social function
  2. Thought blocking
  3. Delusions
  4. Hallucinations
A
  1. Negative symptom
  2. Negative symptom
  3. Positive symptom
  4. Positive symptom
30
Q

There has been an increase in Major Depressive Disorder over the past 50 years. (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • True
  • False
A
  • True
31
Q

Central stimulants are effective for treating… (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Bipolarity
  • Depressions
  • Psychosis
  • ADHD
A
  • ADHD
32
Q

Select true or false regarding bipolar disorder! (3p)

A. False
B. True

  1. Divided in the subgroups Bipolar A and Bipolar B
  2. Is not associated with higher risk of suicide
  3. Can be treated with lithium
  4. Bipolar disorder can be cured.
  5. Includes periods of euthymia (neutral mood)
  6. Includes periods of hypomania and/or mania
A
  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True
  6. True
33
Q

Select the anxiety disorder characterized by thoughts, impulses or images that persist (tankar, impulser och bilder som kvarstår) and recur (återkommer) and cannot be dismissed from the mind and/or ritualistic and repeated behaviors. (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • Panic Disorder
  • Phobia
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
    (OCD)
34
Q

A: Mention the name of the diagnostic tool used in diagnosis of ADHD and briefly (kort) describe how it is used (2p)

B: What does the abbreviation (förkortning) ADHD stand for? (1p)

C: Name two common characteristic features (karaktäristiska drag) of a person diagnosed with ADHD (1p)

A

A: DISCO (Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication disorders)
- Ett intervjubaserat instrument som är till för föräldern att svara på frågor om utvecklingsanamnes

Dock är det vanligt idag att man inte använder sig av ett sådant verktyg. Istället får läkare och psykologer information om vilka och hur många symtom du har, när de började, hur länge de har varat och hur allvarliga de är. För att få diagnosen ADHD behöver du ha flera symtom, inte bara ett eller två.

B: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

C: Koncentrationssvårigheter |Kontra| Aktivitetsrubbning (rastlös/överaktiv)

35
Q

Antipsychotics have effects and side effects. The side effects of First Generation Antipsychotics, FGA, and Second Generation Antipsychotics, SGA, differ. (2p)

Match the side effects with First or Second Generation Antipsychotics:

A. First Generation Antipsychotics
B. Second Generation Antipsychotics

  1. Tardive dyskinesia
  2. Agranulocytosis
  3. Extreme weight gain
  4. Parkinsonism
A
  1. A, First Generation Antipsychotics
  2. B, Second Generation Antipsychotics
  3. B, Second Generation Antipsychotics
  4. A, First Generation Antipsychotics
36
Q

Which neurotransmitter is mainly associated with psychosis and schizophrenia? (1 point)

Select one alternative:

  • Dopamine
  • GABA
  • Serotonin
  • Norepinephrine
A
  • Dopamine
37
Q

Panic anxiety and panic attacks can clinically be misinterpreted as: (1 point)

Select one alternative:

  • Heart attack
  • Diabetes
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Stroke
A
  • Heart attack
38
Q

Which statements are correct or incorrect regarding suicide (självmord) ? (2 points)

Please match the following values:

A. Incorrect
B. Correct

  1. Repeated self-harm is associated with suicide
  2. Avoid questions about suicidal thoughts since these can trigger suicide ideation
  3. Men are more likely to commit suicide compared to women
  4. Men are more likely to engage in suicide attempts compared to women
A
  1. B, Correct
  2. A, Incorrect
  3. B, Correct
  4. A, Incorrect
39
Q

Case:
You work as a nurse in a general psychiatric ward. One of the patients is Joachim, a 42-year-old, married father of three who works in sales. He was hospitalized a few days ago after a suicide attempt.

When you talk to Joachim he answers you in a few words, and you often have to wait for his answers. You have never seen a smile on his face, nor changes in his facial expressions.

Joachim stays mostly in his room, where he lies in bed with the blinds drawn. You note that he has worn the same clothes since being admitted, and he also seems to have slept in them. The room smells stuffy and you detect a pungent odour of sweat. His hair looks dirty and unkempt and the stubble of his beard is growing. He
didn’t come out of his room for lunch, and he has barely touched the breakfast served in his room.

Joachim’s wife, Linda, and their three children – Filip, Erik and Maja, ages 7, 9 and 12 – visit the patient. Filip tries to show Joachim one of the games on his mobile phone but gets no response. Maja tries to hug her father, but he pushes her away and starts to cry with his face buried in his hands.

a) Give a suggestion on Joachim’s psychiatric diagnosis. Justify your answer. (1 point)

b) What treatment would you suggest for Joachim? Give two examples and justify your answer. (2 point)

c) Suggest two nursing interventions applicable in Joachim’s situation. Describe the suggested nursing interventions and justify your answer. (2 point)

A

A) Svår depression, pga
- Apati: Sängliggandes, ger ingen respons
- Anhedoni: Kan ej känna positiva känslor
- Nedstämdhet: Ledsen och gråter
- Irritation: Blir irriterad när andra försöker visa kärlek

B) Farmakologisk behandling: SSRI, SNRI eller NaSSa, men även psykosociala terapier (exempelvis KBT) för att tillslut kunna hantera känslor på egen hand.

C) Rutiner: Sovschema, morgonrutin.
Samtal med anhöriga: Undervisa om sjukdomen för varför Joachim är som han är.

40
Q

Choose the correct statement or statements regarding benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine treatment. (2p)

Select one or more alternatives:

  • Increased risk of heart attack in the beginning of the treatment
  • Effective in alleviating anxiety
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
  • Often a suitable drug for older people
  • Increased risk of suicide in the beginning of the treatment.
A
  • Effective in alleviating anxiety
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
41
Q

Choose the correct alternative or alternatives used for treating panic anxiety disorder. Select one or more. (3p)

Select one or more alternatives:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • CBT
  • Anxiolytics
  • Diuretics
  • Opioids
  • Antidepressants
  • MADRS
A
  • CBT
  • Anxiolytics
  • Antidepressants
42
Q

Choose the correct alternative/alternatives related to Bipolar Disorder: (2 points)

Select one or more alternatives:

  • Periods of withdrawal
  • Divided in the subgroups Bipolar A Disorder and Bipolar B Disorder
  • Periods of euthymia (neutral mood)
  • Periods of mania
  • Can be treated with lithium
  • Is not associated with suicide
A
  • Periods of euthymia (neutral mood)
  • Periods of mania
  • Can be treated with lithium
43
Q

Explain and describe the psychiatric recovery model. Use key terms and key concepts in your answer and explain the nurse’s role in the model. Justify your answers. (5 points)

A

Är ett förhållningssätt till psykisk störning eller substansberoende som betonar och stödjer en persons potential för återhämtning.

Holstic perspective, se människan bakom sjukdomen och ta vara på patientens tillgångar och förmågor.

Engagement in community, uppmuntra patienten till sociala interaktioner och företeelser.

Nurse-patient partnership, upprätthålla adekvat och professionell relation till patient.

Empowerment, genom att inse deras fulla potential.

Independency, få dem att inse deras självständighet inom gränserna av deras sjukdom.

44
Q

Categorize the symptoms of Schizophrenia in positive symptoms and negative symptoms! (4 points)

Please match the values:

A. Negative symptom
B. Positive symptom

  1. Poor social function
  2. Delusions
  3. Thought-blocking
  4. Anhedonia (anhedoni)
A
  1. A, Negative symptom
  2. B, Positive symptom
  3. A, Negative symptom
  4. A, Negative symptom
45
Q

According to the diagnostic manual DSM-5 and ICD-10/11, the diagnostic criteria for Autism spectrum disorder include: (1 point)

Select one alternative:

  • Deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior
  • Deficits in social interaction and intellectual disability
  • Deficits in attention and physical disability
A
  • Deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior
46
Q

Deficits in executive functions commonly occur in ADHD. What does it mean? (1 point)

Select one alternative

  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
  • The person has deficits in fine motor functions and communicating
  • The person has deficits in communicating and interacting
A
  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
47
Q

In your roll as a nurse, what is important to consider when meeting a patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder? (3p)

One or more alternative is correct.

Select one or more alternatives:

  • To speak with a loud voice
  • To give step by step information
  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds
  • Recurring encounters should follow the same routines
A
  • To give step by step information
  • To palpate the patient’s extremities with a firm grip and avoid strong odors and sudden sounds
  • Recurring encounters should follow the same routines
48
Q

A person with a panic attack should always be ECG monitored within 30 minutes to avoid a heart attack (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • False
  • True
A
  • False
49
Q

Match condition with pharmacological treatment/substance (3p)

Please match the values:

A. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
B. Lithium carbonate
C. Dopamine Receptor Agonists

  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Bipolar Disorder 1
  3. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
50
Q

Select correct statement regarding lithium carbonate! (2p)

Select one alternative:

  • Is generally combined with diuretics when administered to a patient.
  • Therapeutic dosage and toxic dosage ranges are close, narrow therapeutic window
  • Urinary retention and constipation are severe and common side-effects
  • High incidence of metabolic side effects and risk of diabetes
A
  • Therapeutic dosage and toxic dosage ranges are close, narrow therapeutic window
51
Q

CBT is associated with… (Choose the correct alternative) (1p)

Select one alternative:

  • Blocking reuptake of norepinephrine, blocking reuptake of serotonin and “start low, go slow”
  • Exposure, breathing exercises and psychoeducation
  • Severe depression, electric stimulation and short-term memory loss
A
  • Exposure, breathing exercises and psychoeducation
52
Q

Förekomsten av ångesttillstånd hos den svenska befolkningen är… (2p)

Välj ett alternativ:

  • 1 av 20
  • 1 av 4
  • 1 av 10
A
  • 1 av 4
53
Q

Välj den diagnos som hör till förstämningstillstånd! (1p)

Välj ett alternativ:

  • Egentlig depression
  • Tvångssyndrom
  • Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom
  • Schizofreni
A
  • Egentlig depression
54
Q

Match the correct symptoms and conditions! (3p)

Please match the values:

A. Compulsions
B. Obsessions
C. Hallucinations

  1. Repetitive and ritualistic hand washing
  2. Seeing things no one else can see
  3. Uncontrollable thoughts on germs and
    bacteria
A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
55
Q

You are a nurse at the medical center. One of your nurse colleagues tells you that he has
an appointment with a patient diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder for a blood pressure check. By reading the physician’s documentation he understands that the patient has disabilities and impairments related to the psychiatric disorder.

Your colleague knows that every individual with ASD is unique, but he seeks your general advice on what to consider in the encounter with a patient with ASD.

What general advice can you give your colleague? (Minimum 3 suggestions). Describe and
justify your suggestions! (6p)

A

Begriplig information: Personer med autism kan ha svårt att tolka sociala situationer, därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan ger information som är lättförstådd, exempel på hjälpmedel till detta är bild/skriftstöd, sedan förklara hur personen i fråga ska fortgå med uppgiften.
Undvik ljud/ljus i rummet då personer med autism kan uppleva detta som distraherande och obehagliga pga överstimuli.

56
Q

Antipsychotics have effects and side effects. The side effects of First Generation Antipsychotics, FGA, and Second Generation Antipsychotics, SGA, differ. (4p)

Please match the values:

A. First GenerationmAntipsychotics
B. Second GenerationnAntipsychotics

  1. Agranulocytosis
  2. Tardive dyskinesia
  3. Extreme weight gain
  4. Parkinsonism
A
  1. B, Second GenerationnAntipsychotics
  2. A, First GenerationmAntipsychotics
  3. B, Second GenerationnAntipsychotics
  4. A, First GenerationmAntipsychotics
57
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, is a scale used in suicide
assessment. (1p)

Choose the correct alternative:

  • True
  • False
A
  • False
58
Q

You work as a nurse at the local primary health center. Your first patient of the day is
Lennart. Lennart is 73 years old and a widower since 3 years ago. He is a farmer and lives by himself by the countryside. He’s interested in deer hunting and fishing. He is a known patient at your primary health center due to his diabetes and high blood pressure since many years. Now it is time for his annual diabetes check-up. You’ve met Lennart many
times before and previously always had a smile on his face and hunting stories to tell. A jolly
good fellow!

Today when you meet him he looks tired, ravaged and doesn’t smell good nor has shaved lately. You’ve never seen him likes this before. He hardly answers your questions about his well being. When you try to make him tell a hunting story, he just shakes his head and says “No, not today”. When you ask him if he takes his insulin on a regular basis, he says; “I don’t care about that anymore. What difference does it make?”

You react on Lennars unwillingness to answer the questions and sense that something is wrong with him.

A: Which psychiatric condition/conditions do you suspect that Lennart is suffering from? Justify you answer (1 point).

B: Identify 3 suicide risk factors in Lennart’s case. Justify your answer (3 points).

C: Give 2 examples of adequate questions you can ask Lennart in a suicide assessment. Justify your answer (2 points).

A

A: Depression, då han uppvisar följande symtom: Adhenomi, nedstämdhet, irritation, pessimistisk.

B: S - man, A - 79, D - depression. Dessa tre faktorer är de första tre som används i SAD person scale, där man går till 10 poäng max för att upptäcka suicidrisk, på bara de tre första bokstäverna har Lennart 3 poäng.

C: Har du haft tankar på att avsluta ditt eget liv? Har du velat eller känt dig nära att begå självmord?

59
Q

Choose the correct statement or statements regarding benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine
treatment. (2p)

Select one or more alternatives:

  • Increased risk of suicide in the beginning of the treatment.
  • Effective in alleviating anxiety
  • Increased risk of heart attack in the beginning of the treatment
  • Often a suitable drug for older people
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
A
  • Effective in alleviating anxiety
  • Associated to risk of tolerance and abuse
60
Q

According to the diagnostic manual DSM-5 and ICD-10/11, the diagnostic criteria for Autism
spectrum disorder include: (1 point)

Select one alternative:

  • Deficits in social interaction and creativity
  • Deficits in attention and physical disability
  • Deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior
A
  • Deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior
61
Q

Deficits in executive functions commonly occur in ADHD. What does it mean? (1p)

Select one alternative

  • The person has deficits in communicating and interacting
  • The person has deficits in fine motor functions and communicating
  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
A
  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
62
Q

What are correct and incorrect statements regarding suicide risk factors?

Please match the values:

A. Incorrect
B. Correct

  1. Physical illness
  2. Psychiatric disorder
  3. History of suicidal behaviour in family
  4. Drug and alcohol abuse
A
  1. B, Correct
  2. B, Correct
  3. B, Correct
  4. B, Correct
63
Q

In a professional context we use the concept… (1p)

End the sentence above with the correct alternative!

  • …self murder since it is used in daily speech and we avoid words in latin.
  • …suicide or the concept self murder since they are equal.
  • …suicide since it is less associated with stigma and negative attitudes.
A
  • …suicide since it is less associated with stigma and negative attitudes.
64
Q

Deficits in executive functions commonly occur in ADHD. What does it mean?

Select one alternative

  • The person has deficits in fine motor functions and communicating
  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
  • The person has deficits in communicating and interacting
A
  • The person has deficits in planning and structuring everyday life
65
Q

Explain and describe the psychiatric recovery model. Use 3 key concepts (related to the model) in your answer and explain the nurse’s role in every key concept. Justify your answers. (6 points)

A

Är ett förhållningssätt till psykisk störning eller substansberoende som betonar och stödjer en persons potential för återhämtning.

Holstic perspective, se människan bakom sjukdomen och ta vara på patientens tillgångar och förmågor.

Engagement in community, uppmuntra patienten till sociala interaktioner och företeelser.

Nurse-patient partnership, upprätthålla adekvat och professionell relation till patient.

Empowerment, genom att inse deras fulla potential.

Independency, få dem att inse deras självständighet inom gränserna av deras sjukdom.

66
Q

Vad står och används detta preparat för?

  • SSRI
  • SNRI
  • NDRI
  • NaSSa
A
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (mest vanliga behandlingen mot ångest och depression)
  • Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (andra handsval vid klinisk depression, preparatet är starkare än SSRI men allvarligare biverkningar)
  • Noradrenergic and Dopamin Reuptake Inhibitors (kan användas mot allt möjligt skit, depression, ADHD, nikotinavvänjning, parkinson)
  • Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants (används ofta i förstärkningssyfte ex. Mirtazapin = “stämningshöjande”)

PsyPsy (1 decks)

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