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Tenta Flashcards

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1
Q

E-business (Digitala affärer)

A

Electronic processes within a firm (using information systems).

Its all about doing business in a digital way so much more that internet shopping.

Reverts primarily to the digital enabling of of transactions and process within a firm, involving information systems under the control of firm.

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2
Q

E-commerce (E-handel)

A

Making money primarily on the web/in apps.

Involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organisations and individuals.

Aka Involves the use of the internet, the webb, mobile app and browser that are running on mobile devices to transact business.

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3
Q

How e-business and e-commerce differs

A
  • E-commerce is a part of e-business
  • Unlike e-commerce, E-business does not involve commercial transactions across organisational boundaries where value is exchanged.
    - Commercial transactions : involve exchange of value (money) across organisational or individual boundaries in return for products/services.
  • E-commerce generate profit outside. Meanwhile e-business refers to digitally enabling transactions and process WITHIN a firm, LIKE information system. Ex a company’s online inventory control mechanism are a component of e-business, (but such internal processes do not do not directly generate revenue from the outside business/customer).
       -Digitally enabled transactions : include all transactions mediated by digital technology. For the most part this means transactions that occur over the internet. E-business applications turn into e-commerce precisely when an exchange value occurs.

In short, Ellos was a traditional mail order company aka e-business , Thanks to the web they could change their focus, expand and make more profit Aka e-commerce. 


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4
Q

Types of E-commerce:

A
  • Business-to-Consumer (B2C) : Online businesses selling to individuals consumers. Ex Amazon, general merchandiser that sells products to retail consumers.
  • Business-to-Business (B2B) : Online businesses seeking to other businesses. Ex Go2Paper is an independent third-party marketplace that service paper industries.
  • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) : Consumer selling to other consumer. Auctions sites such as E-bay and tradera. Also Airbnb and Uber provide similar platforms.
  • Mobile e-commerce (M-commerce) : Use of mobile devices to enable online transactions. Ex Mobile device such as computers and smartphones can be used to conduct commercial transactions.
  • Social e-commerce : E-commerce enabled by social networks and online social relationships. Ex Facebook is both the leading social network and social e-commerce site.
  • Local e-commerce : E-commerces that focused on engaging the consumer based on his or hers current geographic locations. Aka location based e-commerce. Holds interest in local on demand service like Uber. Also Groupon offers subscribers daily deals from local businesses in form of groups.

E bay is also everything, its b2c, b2b and c2c

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5
Q

Unique features of e-commerce technology :

A
  • Ubiquity : Available everywhere
    • Global reach : Transactions to cross culture and national boundaries
    • Universal standards (& often universal pricing): Standard shared all around the world.
    • /Information/ richness : the complexity and content of a message. Enables merchant to deliver markting messages in a way not possible with traditional commerce tech.
    • Interactivity : Technology that allows for two way communications between online merchant and consumer.
    • Information density : the totalt amount and quality of information available to all market participant.
    • Personalization & Customization : Increase of information density^ allows merchant to target their marketing messages to specific individuals.
    • Social technology : Provides a many to many model of mass communications.
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6
Q

Current trends in e-commerce

A
  • Business trends include
    * All forms of e-commerce show very strong growth
  • Technology trends include:
    * The mobile platforms have made mobile e-commerce reality.
  • Societal trends include:
    * Heavily increased online social interaction and sharing
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7
Q

Five primary revenue (intäkt) models

A
  • Advertising : A company provides a forum for advertisements and receives fee
  • Subscription : A company offers its users content or service and charges a subscription fee access to some or all of its offerings
  • Transaction Fee : A company receives a fee for enabling or executing a transaction.
  • Sales : A company derives revenue by selling goods, information or services.
  • Affiliate : A company steers business to an affiliate and receives a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales.

Also Freemium strategy: Companies give away a certain level of product or service of product or service for free, but then charge a subscription fee for premium levels of the product or service.

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8
Q

Supply chains

A

Organizations, people, business processes, technology, information required to produce products efficiently
Often globe.

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9
Q

Supply chain management (S C M)

A

Activities used to coordinate procurement process

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10
Q

Sustainable Supply Chains

A

Involves using the most efficient environment regarding means of production, distribution, and logistics.

Care about where everything i buy is produced.

Taking social and ecological interests into account
For example: water usage, air pollution

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11
Q

Steps in developing an e-commerce

A
  • Goal/Visions?
  • Business and revenue model?
  • Target audience?
  • Characteristics of the marketplace?
  • Content coming from?
  • Swot analysis?
  • e-Commerce presence map
  • Timeline?
  • Budget?
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12
Q

Sell-side e-Commerce?

A

Webbshop - till kund - nedåt i kedjan

Sell-side inom e-Commerce (e-handel) avser transaktioner som är inblandade i att sälja produkter till en organisations kund.

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13
Q

Buy-side e-Commerce?

A

Webbshop - köper in varorna från olika leverantörer - uppåt i kedjan

Buy-side inom e-Commerce liknar Sell-side, men är riktad till transaktioner mellan organisationen och leverantören med mellanhänder inräknade.

Exempel på buy-side situation är när ett företag behöver införskaffa råmaterial och då köper detta från en av sina leverantörer. Buy-side involverar med andra ord inte organisationens kunder utan Sell-side göra det. Buy-side är också uppströms (upstream supply chain) i leveranskedjan och Sell-side är nedströms (downstream supply chain) där organisationen är placerad mellan dessa “strömmar”.

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14
Q

Business model

A

Vad ska din verksamhet göra?
A business model is a set of planned activities (sometimes referred to as business processes) designed to result in a profit in a marketplace.

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15
Q

Business strategy

A

(Hur ska din verksamhet gå till väga för att tjäna pengar?)

Om man ser till Blocket; deras business model är att vara en plattform för kunder att köpa/sälja sina produkter. De sköter mellanhanden så som hjälper till med betalningsalternativ. Deras vinst i detta är att de tar pengar emellan köpen. Deras “pureplay” är att de enbart är aktiva på nätet, finns ingen fysiskt butik.

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16
Q

Disruptive technologies

A

New Services. New on-demand services are disruptive because they’re changing the way we do business. Which is disruptive because this changes everything we know. 368

17
Q

Web server software

A

Software that enables a computer to deliver pages written in HTML To client computer on a that request this servers by sending an HTTP request.

Ex :
Apache (works with linux and unix operating system)

18
Q

The eight elements of a business model

A

A successful business need a successful business model. It has eight key elements, and each should be considered and addressed:

19
Q

1.Value proposition

A

”Why should they buy from you?”

the quality and price of the product/service, shipping time, etc. Does the user want to buy what the company is selling?

20
Q

2.Revenue (förtjänst) model

A

How should the company make money?


  • sales (nelly, Amazon, small and big software companies)
  • ads (Facebook)
  • subscriptions (Spotify + some newspapers)
  • ”freemium”, where basic functionality is free, but advanced functions etc are not (pay for extra space on Google Drive)
  • transaction fees (eBay, PayPal)
  • affiliate – steering business to a seller web site (dpreview.com running ads to online stores selling cameras)
21
Q

3.Market opportunity

A

is there a market for the product (= ”is there a suitable ’market space’/niche”)?

Vilken marknadsplats ska användas och vad är det för storlek? Delas ofta in i mindre nichningar. ex. Bilar → mot barnfamiljer → kombi→ stor

Market space: the area of the actual or potential commercial value in which the company intends to operate.

22
Q

4.Competitive environment

A

are there competitors in this market space?

Det här med direkta och indirekta konkurrenter
indirekt tåg kontra flyg = SJ vs SAS
direkta konkurrenter = SAS vs malmö aviation ( or norwegian)
Kolla konkurrenternas pris, utbud, lönsamhet osv.

Note that there are also ”indirect competitors”, such as sellers of cars when you want to sell bikes (that is they are selling other products or services, but still draw away customers from you).

23
Q

(Direct competitors)
&
(Indirect competitors )

A

Direct competitors: are companies that sell very similar products and service into the same market segment. SAS vs malmö aviation ( or Norwegian)

Indirect competitors: are companies that may be in different industries but still compete indirectly because their products can substitute for one another. SJ vs SAS

24
Q

5.Competitive advantage

A

Vad för fördelar har du mot dina konkurrenter?
Patent. Global åtkomst. Bättre priser. Starkt varumärke. Kapital. Nätverk. Teknologi.

Achieved when a firm produces a superior product or/and bring the product to market at lower price than most.

competing with price or global reach (IKEA does both) or – seemingly – being a frontrunner (like Apple)

25
Q
  1. Market strategy
A

Market strategy - Hur skall ett företag nå ut till befintliga och nya kunder?

För att lyckas på marknaden behöver ett företag en detaljerad plan om hur det ska gå tillväga för att nå ut till sina avsedda kunder.
Ex. tv-reklam, tidningsannonser, sponsrade inlägg, prenumerationer
Visa sig på medier som ens förväntade målgrupp använder sig av ofta såsom sociala medier.

26
Q

Multi-channel marketing

A

MARKING IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT AN AUDIENCE.

Multi-channel marketing means using many channels to promote a product or service, such as online, TV ads, an and a radio ad campaign.

  • The most efficient (and expensive) way to find customers is using several channels for marketing, including some or all of these:
    • Own website (see next slide)
    • Traditional online marketing (exceeds the money spent on TV ads, 
since it can be much more tailor-made than a TV ad campaign)
    • Search engine, display, e-mail, affiliate
    • Social marketing
    • Social networks, blogs, video, games, influencers (Blondinbella and Kim K)
    • Mobile marketing
    • Mobile/tablet sites, apps
    • Offline marketing
    • Television (betting companies), radio, newspapers, posters (online doctors)
  • Note: online channels compare favorably with traditional in terms of ROI (return on investment).
27
Q

Guerilla marketing

A

You can reach your market if you do things smartly. This is easier today thanks to social media.

Using low-cost methods (usually the internet) to reach a high number of people as inexpensively as possible. (is almost the opposite of multi-channel).

Easy on :
social media (for spreading the word; also using influencers) and to
Google AdWords/AdSense, plus
inexpensive marketing via Facebook campaigns

Övrigt
PETTER MÖTE The OTEC Africa conference and review

Guerilla marketing refers to a non-tactical army, loosely organized, fighting a bigger, more organized force.

28
Q

Location-based marketing

A
  • Targets messages to users based on location
  • Marketing of location-based services

Example 1: pass McDonald’s and within minutes, you might get a message with a deal on Big Mac.
Example 2: You have made Google searches for cheese. When you pass a store selling exclusive cheese you receive a text message.

29
Q

Conversion rate

A

The precentage of visitors who purchase something.

30
Q

SLEPT

A

SLEPT is an acronym for factors that need consideration 
when a company’s activities are put into a context.

These factors also work rather well when thinking of 
risks and opportunities inside the company.

  • The SLEPT factors are:
    • Social factors
    • Legal factors
    • Economic factors
    • Political factors
    • Technological factors
31
Q

“S”lept - Social factors

A

Will our strategy be okay with the consumers?
Are we considering different parts of the population (old people, visually impaired, etc)?
What about religion?

Social norms and rules have never been as important to follow for a company as of today. Breaking unwritten rules can affect a company at least as negative as breaking an actual law out of the law books.

32
Q

s”L”ept - Legal factors

A

Laws are constantly changing.
Are the activities legal today?
In the current country where they are supposed to act

Several feature development and improvement needs to be validated by Legal Aspect

33
Q

sl”E”pt - Economic factors

A

Selling luxury goods may not be a good choice in low-income countries. Affordable -> Feasible.

What is the financial situation...				
 ...in our country?				
 ...in our region?			
 ...in our company?			
 ...for our buyers?

Example: many online betting websites moved to
Malta or similar places with low taxes and lots of sun.

34
Q

sle”p”t - Political factors

A

Political factors inside the company: Are we working against our management?
Is our product in line with the political environment?
If we enter a new market – what are the political implications?

Ex government implemented GDPR.
Government’ concern and support for homegrown startup.

35
Q

slep”t” - Technological factors

A

Do our intended visitors have access to broadband connections? Are they shopping from smartphones or from PCs/laptops?
Do we need servers in the country 
we want to do business in?

Maybe ex: Neflix when who were ahead of their time with streaming HD when there was bad internet speed.

36
Q

Gina example

A

Cookies – laws and consumer perception on placing these
Are we limiting access to information from certain sections of society (social exclusion)? What about sight-impaired people? Would they be interested in online shopping for clothes anyway?
Privacy of personal information entered on a website
Sending unsolicited e-mail
Replying promptly to e-mails
Copyright issues
Site content and promotional offers/adverts in keeping with the different laws in different countries (Gina Tricot exists in many countries)
Providing text, graphics and personality in keeping with accepted social contexts of different countries.

37
Q
  1. Organizational Devolopment
A

Plans that describes how the company will organize the work that needs to be accomplished. vilken typ av organisationsstruktur inom företaget är nödvändigt för att hålla affärsplanen?
Beskriver hur företaget organiserar arbetet. Hur hanterar man förändringar inom företaget är också viktigt (vem som gör vad?).
EX. att en person har flera arbetsuppgifter i uppstart av företaget och när det expanderar anställer man specialistkompetenser.
As company grows, hiring moves from generalists to specialists

how to build an effective organization –
which is especially challenging in e-commerce, as there are so many ways to do this when everything is online (customer support in Bangalore?) In addition: how can the company grow in a healthy way? See separate slide.

38
Q
  1. Management team
A

Employees of the company responsible for making the business model work.

Man behöver starka ledare som kan genomföra förändringar när det krävs. Anpassningsbar. Change or die. Viktigt med olika kulturer och jämställd könsfördelning.

E-business (1 decks)

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