Tense and Aspect Flashcards
Simple present
1) General truth/fact
2) regular/ habitual event
3) mental process verb
4) immediate comment/reaction
5) speech act verb
6) referring to the past (dramatic stress)
7) referring to the future (fixed events/schedules, timetables)
8) subordinate clauses (as, before)
Present progressive
1) expressing process/duration/incompleteness
2) expressing limited duration (repetition over limited period of time)
3) tentative/ polite request
4) hyperbolic/ emotional attitude
5) referring to the future (decision/ arrangement made by speaker)
Simple past
1) definite past time reference
2) instead of Present Perfect (as soon as, before, once, until)
3) narration of fictional events
4) attitudinal events
5) habit in the past
6) future in the past
7) modal past (hypothetical subordinate clauses/ wishes)
Past progressive
1) Events in progress around a particular time in the past (temporary, incomplete)
2) background events (as, when, while)
3) ongoing/repeated events, habits in the past (temporary)
4) hyperbolic, emotional attitude
5) future in the past
Present perfect
1) continuative use (indefinite past time reference; describing ongoing actions/states)
2) resultative use
3) habitual use
4) temporal adverbial clauses referring to the future
Present perfect progressive
1) referring to an action that is continuous and incomplete (stress on duration)
2) implying an unintended result
Past perfect
1) retrospection
2) reported speech
3) reference to changed states
4) temporal subordinate clauses
5) conditional clauses
Past perfect progressive
1) referring to an action that is continuous and incomplete
2) implying an unintended result
Future perfect
By the time (future in the past)
Will/shall
1) prediction
2) Intention/ volition
3) spontaneous decision (performative)
Going- to
1) future of present intention
2) logical conclusion
Future progressive
1) Express progressive aspect
2) neutral prediction
