Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

πŸ”΄ Electrotherapy πŸ”΄ > TENS > Flashcards

TENS Flashcards

1
Q

What is TENS used for

A

Pain relief / pain modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is TENS

A

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Application of pulsed electrical current over the skin to stimulate analgesia by stimulating/depolarizing nerve fibers for pain modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of current is TENS

A

Pulsed current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Waveform involved in TENS

A

Biphasic wave:
- symmetrical
- asymmetrical (balanced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TENS current can be delivered in single pulses or _____________.

A

BURSTS of pulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by pulse frequency?

Range?

Unit ?

Types?

A

The number of pulses delivered per second

Range: 1 - 200 Hz

Unit: Hz (pps)

Types of frequency:
- HIGH ( acute pain )
- LOW (chronic pain )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Range for current amplitude in TENS

A

Between 0 and 120 mA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Range of pulse duration in TENS

A

Ranges from 50 - 400 ΞΌs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is burst duration

What is interburst duration

What is burst frequency

A

The time from the beginning and the termination of one burst

The duration between two bursts

The number of bursts per second (1- 10 bursts/sec)
(NOTE: each burst consists of 5-10 pulses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes TENS very comfortable

A

TENS devices are CC-type stimulators , meaning current amplitude remains constant (no surge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 modes on TENS

A

Conventional
Acupuncture
Burst train
Brief intense
Modulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two most common TENS used

A

Conventional (most common)
Acupuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conventional is used for what kind of pain

A

ACUTE pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acupuncture is used for what kind of pain

A

CHRONIC pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pulse duration (pulse width) of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional : SHORT pulse duration ( < 150 ms)

Acupuncture: LONG pulse duration ( > 150 ms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pulse rate (frequency) of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional : HIGH frequency ( > 80 Hz)

Acupuncture: LOW frequency ( < 80 Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Current amplitude (intensity) of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional :
- comfortable
- sensory stimulation

Acupuncture:
- comfortable/tolerable
- sensory + motor stimulation ( muscle twitching is ok)

18
Q

Proposed mechanism for pain relief of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional : Gate theory

Acupuncture: Endogenous opiates descending pain suppression system

19
Q

Target nerve fibers of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional:
- Large A Ξ’eta sensory afferent mechanoreceptors

Acupuncture:
- A alpha
- Large A Beta
- Small A Delta
- C pain fibers

20
Q

Sensation of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional:
- comfortable
- pins and needles
- tingling
- minimal or no muscle contractions

Acupuncture:
- tingling with muscle contraction

21
Q

Onset of analgesia in Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional: Rapid within minutes ( up to 5 minutes)

Acupuncture: Slow within hours (starts after 15 minutes)

22
Q

Time of treatment of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional: minutes or hours

Acupuncture: < 60 minutes

23
Q

Length of pain relief of Conventional VS Acupuncture

A

Conventional: short lasting analgesia ( < few hours)

Acupuncture: long lasting analgesia (> few hours)

24
Q

What is burst train TENS

Sensation ?

Target nerve fibers?

Mechanism of pain relief?

Onset of pain relief?

Length of pain relief ?

Time of application?

A

Delivery of low frequency bursts with current amplitude that stimulates BOTH sensory AND motor (similar to acupuncture)

Tingling + moderate muscle contractions

A delta , motor alpha, and C fibers

Mechanism: opiate system

Slow onset within hours

Long lasting analgesia

15-60 minutes of application

25
Q

What is brief intense TENS?

High or low frequency?

Short or long pulse duration?

Low or high current amplitude ?

Target nerve fibers?

Mechanism of pain relief ?

Sensation ?

Onset of analgesia ?

Length of analgesia ?

Time of application ?

When is it used?

A

Delivery of electrical pulses with LONG durations, HIGH frequency, and current amplitudes capable of NOXIOUS stimulation

High frequency ( > 80 Hz)

Long pulse duration ( > 150 ms)

High current amplitude at noxious level

Target nerves: A beta, A delta, and C nerve fibers

Mechanism: opiate system

Sensation: muscle contraction + maximum tolerable pain

Onset: Rapid within minutes

Length of analgesia: long lasting

Application time: LESS than 15 minutes

Used before painful procedures

26
Q

What is modulated TENS

What does it prevent

A

Pulse duration, frequency, and amplitude are randomly modulated at the same time during therapy

Prevents nerve adaptations

27
Q

What determines which mode should be used when more than one is applicable ?

A

Based on trial and error and patient comfort

28
Q

Which mode of TENS is the most comfortable

A

Conventional

29
Q

Electrodes sizes, shapes, and types

A

Sizes :
-Small (localized small area
-Large (distributed larger area / less risk of damage)

Shapes : Square, rectangular, or round

Types:
- carbon impregnated (best conductor)
- Silicon rubber electrodes (+ electroconductive gel)
- Self adhesive
- Sterile electrodes for postoperative pain

30
Q

How are electrodes attached?

A

Surgical tape
Self adhesive electrodes
Straps

31
Q

What is the Coupling medium ?

A

Gel or water

32
Q

Electrode maintenance is done by

A

Frequent visual inspections
Periodic measurement of electrode impedance

33
Q

Why should the electrode be completely covered with gel besides optimizing conduction ?

A

To prevent burn which can occur because the current will be condensed in the area with little gel

34
Q

TENS channel units

A
35
Q

TENS indications:

A
36
Q

General contraindications for TENS (hint: 7)

A

Impaired mentation ( discomfort/burn)

Epileptic patient ( inducing epileptic episode)

Thoracic region ( affect heart function)

Cervical region ( vagus/phrenic stimulation + carotid sinuses = hypotension + laryngeal spasm)

Cranial region ( affect brain function)

Malignant areas (metastasis)

Cardiac pacemaker / defibrillator (risk of interference)

37
Q

Local contraindications of TENS ( hint: 5)

A

Impaired sensation ( discomfort/pain)

Back, abdomen, pelvic regions of pregnant woman in FIRST TRIMESTER or menstruating woman ( induces labor / risk of bleeding)

Damaged skin ( severe pain)

Metal implants ( overheating)

Hemorrhagic areas ( increase bleeding)

38
Q

Electrode placement includes :

A

Within or around the area of pain

Spinal cord segment

General limb pain

Over specific body points ( trigger points)

39
Q

Treatment time

What happens with inadequate time ?

A

Low rate : 20 -30 minutes

High rate: 10 minutes to several hours

Inadequate time = failure and poor pain relief

40
Q

True or false
We cannot use TENS on a pregnant woman in her second/third trimester or even during labor

A

False

It is only a contraindication in her FIRST trimester

41
Q

Advantages of TENS

A
42
Q

Sources of poor results

A

πŸ”΄ Electrotherapy πŸ”΄ (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions